石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 809-826.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250308
谭谦1,2(
), 袁海锋1,2(
), 王涛2, 马自立2, 唐渤钧2, 彭秋3, 李文杰1,2
收稿日期:2024-12-30
修回日期:2025-04-14
出版日期:2025-06-30
发布日期:2025-06-26
通讯作者:
袁海锋
E-mail:799285676@qq.com;yuanhaifeng08@cdut.cn
第一作者简介:谭谦(1989—),男,博士、讲师,碳酸盐沉积和储层地质学。E-mail: 799285676@qq.com。
基金项目:
Qian TAN1,2(
), Haifeng YUAN1,2(
), Tao WANG2, Zili MA2, Bojun TANG2, Qiu PENG3, Wenjie LI1,2
Received:2024-12-30
Revised:2025-04-14
Online:2025-06-30
Published:2025-06-26
Contact:
Haifeng YUAN
E-mail:799285676@qq.com;yuanhaifeng08@cdut.cn
摘要:
为进一步明确四川盆地震旦系灯影组深层白云岩储层成因, 通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定和阴极发光实验,分析了川中蓬莱地区灯影组二段(灯二段)白云岩储层不同类型溶蚀孔洞的发育和充填特征,结合包裹体、碳-氧-锶同位素、U-Pb同位素定年以及主-微量元素和稀土元素等分析测试,研究了溶蚀作用期次和成因机理。研究结果表明:① 川中蓬莱地区灯二段白云岩储层主要经历了同生期—准同生期溶蚀、风化壳岩溶和热液溶蚀3期溶蚀作用的叠加改造,储集空间类型多样,储层非均质性强。② 组构选择性溶蚀孔和网格状溶蚀孔洞发育在沉积旋回的中-上部,纵向上多套叠置具韵律性分布特征,以纤维状和放射状负延性白云石胶结物充填为主,具有独特的葡萄花边和葡萄石结构,是海平面频繁变化驱动下同生期—准同生期溶蚀的产物。③ 角砾化溶洞和蜂窝状溶蚀孔洞主要发育在灯二段不整合面之下,角砾化溶洞为岩溶垮塌角砾和泥质充填,蜂窝状溶蚀孔洞则以放射状正延性白云石胶结物半充填为特征,是桐湾运动期风化壳岩溶叠加改造的产物。④ 高角度缝洞发育在东西向走滑断裂附近,与海西晚期峨眉山火山活动引起的富CO2热液溶蚀有关,多被热液矿物组合半充填。综合研究认为,同生期—准同生期溶蚀改造的丘滩沉积是优质储层形成的基础,风化壳岩溶的叠加改造是优质储层形成的关键,热液溶蚀重新分配储集空间进而控制优质储层的分布。
中图分类号:
图2
川中蓬莱地区灯二段白云岩储层岩石学特征显微照片a. 叠层石,见明(Bs)暗(Dm)相间的纹层,PT102井,埋深5 844.09 m,单偏光,普通薄片;b. 泥-粉晶白云岩,见多期构造裂缝,ZS101井,埋深6 225.45 m,单偏光,普通薄片; c. 泡沫状绵层石,发育粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔和铸模孔,PT1井,埋深5 728.72 m,单偏光,铸体薄片;d. 凝块石,发育不规则凝团块,PT103井,埋深5 725.14 m,岩心;e. 凝块石,暗色凝块中见大量管状细菌,PT103井,埋深5 725.14 m,单偏光,普通薄片;f. 凝块石,发育藻凝块格架(溶)孔,PT101井,埋深5 747.73 m,单偏光,铸体薄片;g. 藻黏结颗粒白云岩,PT1井,埋深5 731.08 m,单偏光,普通薄片;h. 砂屑白云岩,亮晶胶结物,PT1井,埋深5 733.19 m,单偏光,普通薄片;i. 角砾白云岩,角砾磨圆和分选较差,成分复杂,PT101井,埋深5 726.41 m,单偏光,普通薄片Dm.泥晶白云石;Bs.粉晶白云石"
图4
川中蓬莱地区灯二段不同类型孔洞充填特征普通薄片显微照片a. 凝块石白云岩,格架溶蚀孔被FFD和晶粒白云石充填,FFD呈扇形集合体,十字消光,PT101井,埋深5 716.60 m,正交偏光;b. 凝块石白云岩,网格状溶蚀孔被FFD和RFD充填,RFD左旋消光,PT1井,埋深5 735.80 m,正交偏光;c.同b图,FFD和RFD不发光,阴极发光;d. 角砾化溶洞,角砾之间充填白云质渗流粉砂和FMD,DT1井,埋深7 482.62 m,单偏光;e. 角砾白云岩孔洞,角砾之间充填放射状白云石,PT101井,埋深5 743.46 m,单偏光;f. 角砾白云岩孔洞,角砾之间充填泥质粉砂,PT101井,埋深5 726.00 m,单偏光;g. 蜂窝状溶蚀孔洞被FSD和RSD充填,RSD左旋消光,PT101井,埋深5 759.53 m,正交偏光;h. 蜂窝状溶蚀孔洞依次被FSD,RSD和FMD充填,FSD和RSD发暗红色光,FMD发暗红色光,PT102井,埋深5 865.25 m,阴极发光; i. 蜂窝状溶蚀孔洞依次被FSD,RSD和CD充填,CD发红光,PT101井,埋深5 736.52 m,阴极发光;j. CD波状消光、Ba和Qt全消光,PT102井,埋深5 844.09 m,正交偏光;k,l. 缝洞中半充填CD,Py和Qt, CD发亮红色光,见明显生长纹层,Qt不发光,PT1井,埋深5 776.58 m,阴极发光Qt.自生石英;Py.黄铁矿;CD.粗晶白云石;FSD.纤维状正延性白云石;RSD.放射状正延性白云石;FFD.纤维状负延性白云石;RFD.放射状负延性白云石;FMD.细-中晶白云石"
表1
川中蓬莱地区灯二段多期溶蚀作用特征及控储效应"
| 溶蚀作用类型 | 储层岩石学特征 | 分布规律 | 储层空间类型 | 典型胶结物类型 | 溶蚀机理 | 控储效应 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 同生期—准同生期溶蚀 | 向上变浅的沉积旋回的叠层石白云岩、凝块石白云岩和泡沫状绵层石白云岩 | 在台缘和台内丘滩广泛分布,呈多套叠置、韵律性分布 | 组构选择性溶蚀孔和网格状溶蚀孔洞 | FFD+RFD+晶粒白云石 | 周期性海平面变化驱动的短暂暴露;溶蚀流体以大气淡水和混合水为主 | 形成孔隙-孔洞型储层,是储层形成的基础 |
| 风化壳岩溶 | 岩溶角砾白云岩、凝块石白云岩、泡沫状绵层石白云岩和砂屑白云岩 | 主要分布岩溶斜坡之下的丘滩沉积中 | 溶洞和蜂窝状溶蚀孔洞 | FSD+RSD+晶粒白云石 | 桐湾运动引起的长时间暴露;溶蚀流体为大气淡水 | 形成孔洞型储层,是储层形成的关键 |
| 热液溶蚀 | 构造角砾白云岩、凝块石白云岩、泡沫状绵层石白云岩和砂屑白云岩 | 主要分布在东西向走滑断裂附近的丘滩沉积中 | 高角度缝洞 | 粗晶白云石+石英+萤石、方铅矿和闪锌矿 | 与峨眉山火山活动引起的热事件有关;溶蚀流体为富CO2热液 | 形成缝洞型储层,是储集空间重新分配的重要控制因素 |
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