石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1123-1135.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250407
收稿日期:2024-12-27
修回日期:2025-04-14
出版日期:2025-08-30
发布日期:2025-09-06
第一作者简介:杨海风(1984—),男,教授级高级工程师,油气成藏及油气勘探研究。E-mail:yanghf3@cnooc.com.cn。
Haifeng YANG(
), Feilong WANG, Anwen HU, Chao GUAN, Yanqi HUA
Received:2024-12-27
Revised:2025-04-14
Online:2025-08-30
Published:2025-09-06
摘要:
随着全球能源供需格局的转变,页岩油的勘探与开发正成为能源领域的重要发展方向。经过10余年的持续探索,在总结胜利油田和大港油田陆域页岩油勘探经验的基础上,结合渤海湾盆地的沉积背景,将渤海湾盆地海域页岩油划分为基质型、纹层型和夹层型3大类。其中,纹层型和夹层型进一步细分为砂质纹层型、混积纹层型、砂质夹层型和混积夹层型4小类。在此基础上,对莱州湾凹陷、黄河口凹陷和辽中凹陷页岩油类型、分布及资源潜力进行了评价,并在烃源岩生、排烃、细粒沉积岩储层表征、页岩油差异化富集因素和甜点评价标准4个方面取得了新的技术理论进展。然而,渤海湾盆地页岩油勘探仍面临地质构造复杂、层系多样和孔隙结构表征精度不足等多重挑战,未来应加强盆地数字化建模、完善统一表征标准体系建设及实验模拟手段创新,推动地质、地球化学与工程技术深度融合。重点攻克页岩油富集机理、甜点识别与规模动用等关键问题,全面提升非常规油气资源的认识程度与勘探开发效率。
中图分类号:
表1
渤海湾陆相盆地页岩层系特征对比"
| 凹陷 | 层系 | 沉积环境 | 主要岩性 | 累计厚度/m | TOC/% | 有机质 类型 | Ro/% | 储集空间类型 | 孔隙度/(10-3 μm2) | S1/ (mg/g) | 原油密度/(g/cm3) | 主要矿物 平均含量/% | 富集 模式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东营 凹陷 | 沙三下亚 段、沙四 上亚段 | 半咸水-咸水湖 | 泥质灰岩、灰质泥岩、泥岩、混合质泥岩、长英质泥岩 | 沙四上亚段250~300; 沙三下亚段150~450 | 0.60~16.70 | Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型 | 0.40~1.10 | 黏土矿物晶间孔、碳酸盐晶间孔、粒间孔、微裂缝和有机质孔 | 3.0~16.0 | 2.0~8.0 | 0.76~0.92 | 黏土矿物24%、石英22%、长石5%、碳酸盐矿物48% | 富有机质纹层状、层状混合质页岩相 |
沧东 凹陷 | 孔二段 | 微咸水湖 | 长英质页岩、混合质页岩、云质页岩、黏土质泥岩 | 孔二段50~450 | 3.60~12.92 | Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型 | 0.66~1.10 | 晶间孔、微裂缝、差异压实缝、有机质孔、粒间孔、层理缝 | 2.0~12.0 | 2.0~8.9 | 0.87~0.94 | 黏土矿物44.5%、长英质矿物31.6%、碳酸盐矿物31% | 黏土质页岩 组构 |
歧口 凹陷 | 沙一段、 沙三段 | 半咸水-咸水湖 | 云质页岩、混合质页岩、长英质页岩、碳酸盐岩 | 沙一段200~500;沙三段300~500 | 0.50~12.93 | Ⅰ-Ⅱ1型 | 0.20~1.89 | 层理缝、构造缝,晶间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔,生物孔,有机质孔 | 0.1~17.2 | 1.0~14.6 | 0.82~0.95 | 黏土矿物26.5%、长英质矿物41.9%、方解石15.8%、白云石+铁白云石10.3% | 层状长英质页岩组构 |
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