石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1123-1135.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250407

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

渤海湾盆地页岩油勘探现状、进展及展望

杨海风(), 王飞龙, 胡安文, 关超, 滑彦岐   

  1. 中海石油(中国)有限公司 天津分公司,天津 300459
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-27 修回日期:2025-04-14 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 第一作者简介:杨海风(1984—),男,教授级高级工程师,油气成藏及油气勘探研究。E-mail:yanghf3@cnooc.com.cn

Status quo, advances, and prospects of shale oil exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin

Haifeng YANG(), Feilong WANG, Anwen HU, Chao GUAN, Yanqi HUA   

  1. Tianjin Branch of CNOOC Ltd. ,Tianjin 300459,China
  • Received:2024-12-27 Revised:2025-04-14 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-09-06

摘要:

随着全球能源供需格局的转变,页岩油的勘探与开发正成为能源领域的重要发展方向。经过10余年的持续探索,在总结胜利油田和大港油田陆域页岩油勘探经验的基础上,结合渤海湾盆地的沉积背景,将渤海湾盆地海域页岩油划分为基质型、纹层型和夹层型3大类。其中,纹层型和夹层型进一步细分为砂质纹层型、混积纹层型、砂质夹层型和混积夹层型4小类。在此基础上,对莱州湾凹陷、黄河口凹陷和辽中凹陷页岩油类型、分布及资源潜力进行了评价,并在烃源岩生、排烃、细粒沉积岩储层表征、页岩油差异化富集因素和甜点评价标准4个方面取得了新的技术理论进展。然而,渤海湾盆地页岩油勘探仍面临地质构造复杂、层系多样和孔隙结构表征精度不足等多重挑战,未来应加强盆地数字化建模、完善统一表征标准体系建设及实验模拟手段创新,推动地质、地球化学与工程技术深度融合。重点攻克页岩油富集机理、甜点识别与规模动用等关键问题,全面提升非常规油气资源的认识程度与勘探开发效率。

关键词: 储层表征, 生、排烃理论, 甜点评价, 页岩油富集, 页岩油, 渤海湾盆地

Abstract:

With the transition of the global energy supply/demand landscape, shale oil exploration and exploitation have emerged as a significant developmental direction in the energy sector. Based on constant extensive research for over a decade and a summary of onshore shale oil exploration in the Shengli and Dagang oilfields, coupled with the sedimentary background of the Bohai Bay Basin, we categorize the offshore shale oil reservoirs in the basin into matrix, lamina, and sandwich types. The lamina and sandwich types, among others, are further divided into sandy lamina, mixed lamina, sandy sandwich, and mixed sandwich subtypes. Using this classification, we assess the types, distributions, and resource potential of shale oil reservoirs in the Laizhou Bay, Huanghekou, and Liaozhong sags. New technological and theoretical advances are achieved in four aspects: the hydrocarbon generation and expulsion mechanisms and assessment methods of source rocks, the characterization of reservoirs of fine-grained sedimentary rocks, mechanisms of differential shale oil enrichment, and criteria for sweet spot evaluation. Nevertheless, shale oil exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin still faces multiple challenges imposed by complex geological structures, diverse sequences, and insufficient accuracy in pore structure characterization. In the future, it is necessary to intensify digital basin modeling, construct a comprehensive and unified standard system for reservoir characterization, innovate experimental and simulation methods, and promote the in-depth integration of geology, geochemistry, and engineering technology. Furthermore, it is recommended to prioritize key issues including mechanisms underlying shale oil enrichment, the identification of shale oil sweet spots, and large-scale shale oil production. This will help comprehensively enhance the understanding of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, as well as their exploration and exploitation efficiency.

Key words: reservoir characterization, hydrocarbon generation and expulsion theory, sweet spot evaluation, shale oil enrichment, shale oil, Bohai Bay Basin

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