石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 1267-1280.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250416

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

全油气系统油气成藏动力判别与贡献量评价——以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组为例

鲍李银1,2(), 庞雄奇1,2(), 邹亮3, 陈宏飞1,2,3, 林昊1,2, 张婷1,2, 沈彬1,2, 王凯4, 王睿5   

  1. 1.中国石油大学（北京） 地球科学学院，北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学（北京） 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室，北京 102249
    3.中国石油 新疆油田分公司 重油开发公司，新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    4.中国石油 新疆油田分公司 准东采油厂，新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    5.中国石油 西部钻探工程有限公司 地质研究院，新疆 克拉玛依 834000
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-08 修回日期:2025-07-14 出版日期:2025-08-30 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 通讯作者: 庞雄奇 E-mail:995959069@qq.com;pangxq@cup.edu.cn
  • 第一作者简介:鲍李银（1998—），男，博士研究生，油气藏形成机制与分布规律。E-mail：995959069@qq.com。
  • 基金项目:
    中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目(2021DJ0101)

Identification and contribution assessment of hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics in the whole petroleum system： A case study of the Permian Fengcheng Formation， Mahu Sag， Junggar Basin

Liyin BAO1,2(), Xiongqi PANG1,2(), Liang ZOU3, Hongfei CHEN1,2,3, Hao LIN1,2, Ting ZHANG1,2, Bin SHEN1,2, Kai WANG4, Rui WANG5   

  1. 1.College of Geosciences，China University of Petroleum （Beijing），Beijing 102249，China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering，China University of Petroleum （Beijing），Beijing 102249，China
    3.Heavy Oil Development Company，Xinjiang Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Karamay，Xinjiang 834000，China
    4.Zhundong Oil Production Plant，Xinjiang Oilfield Company，PetroChina，Karamay，Xinjiang 834000，China
    5.Geological Research Institute of Xibu Drilling Engineering Company Limited，CNPC，Karamay，Xinjiang 834000，China
  • Received:2025-05-08 Revised:2025-07-14 Online:2025-08-30 Published:2025-09-06
  • Contact: Xiongqi PANG E-mail:995959069@qq.com;pangxq@cup.edu.cn

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摘要：

准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组全油气系统包含常规油气藏、致密油气藏和页岩油气藏，其形成与分布受多动力场耦合作用的控制。通过统计分析和地质剖析等手段，系统研究了风城组3类油气藏的动力边界和运移动力贡献差异。基于1 024块常规与非常规储层样品的物性测试、1 235组高压压汞实验和1 630块样品的热解分析开展研究，建立了孔隙度、渗透率和最大孔喉半径随埋深变化的定量关系模型，明确了浮力成藏下限（BHAD）、油气成藏底限（HADL）和源岩供烃底限（ASDL）的临界参数。BHAD对应埋深4 290.86 m（孔隙度8%，渗透率1 × 10-3 μm2，最大孔喉半径0.800 μm），HADL对应埋深约8 000.00 m（孔隙度2%，最大孔喉半径0.025 μm），ASDL对应埋深约10 000.00 m。通过“四分法”定量评价浮力、非浮力（毛细管压力差）、构造应力和流体溶蚀作用的贡献量，明确了常规油气藏（BHAD之上）油气运移动力以浮力主导，主要分布在凹陷边缘的三角洲平原相中。非常规油气藏（BHAD之下）油气运移动力以毛细管压力差和生排烃动力为主，主要分布在斜坡过渡带和凹陷中心，以三角洲前缘和浅湖-半深湖亚相为主。通过建立孔隙度-渗透率-埋深定量模型与“四分法”动力贡献量评价，深化了全油气系统成藏动力学理论，为准噶尔盆地及类似区域的常规-非常规油气资源协同勘探与高效开发提供了科学支撑。

关键词: 浮力成藏下限, 油气成藏底限, 源岩供烃底限, 油气运移动力, 全油气系统, 风城组, 玛湖凹陷, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

The whole petroleum system in the Permian Fengcheng Formation of the Mahu Sag within the Junggar Basin comprises conventional， tight， and shale hydrocarbon reservoirs， whose formation and distribution are governed by the coupling effects of multiple dynamic fields. Using statistical and geological analyses， we systematically investigate the dynamic boundaries among the three reservoir types and the differences in the contributions of migration dynamics to these reservoirs. Based on data from physical property tests of 1024 conventional and unconventional reservoir samples， 1 235 high-pressure mercury injection （MICP） experiments， and pyrolysis of 1630 samples， we define the quantitative relationships of porosity， permeability， and maximum pore-throat radius with burial depth. Accordingly， the critical parameters are determined for the buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth （BHAD）， hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit （HADL）， and active source-rock depth limit （ASDL）. The results indicate that the BHAD corresponds to a burial depth of 4 290.86 m （porosity： 8%， permeability： 1 × 10-3 μm2， pore-throat radius： 0.800 μm）. The HADL is approximately 8 000.00 m （porosity： 2%， pore-throat radius： 0.025 μm）， while the ASDL corresponds to a critical burial depth of approximately 10 000.00 m. Using the quadripartite method， we quantitatively assess the contributions of buoyancy， capillary pressure difference， tectonic stress， and fluid dissolution. The results reveal that the conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs （above the BHAD） are dominated by buoyancy-driven migration， primarily found in the deltaic plain facies along the margin of the Mahu Sag. In contrast， the hydrocarbon migration of unconventional reservoirs （below the BHAD） is controlled by capillary pressure difference， as well as hydrocarbon generation and expulsion dynamics. These reservoirs are principally distributed in the slope transition zone and the sag center， characterized by delta front and shallow to semi-deep lacustrine subfacies. By determining the quantitative relationships of porosity， permeability， and maximum pore-throat radius with burial depth and by assessing the dynamic contributions using the quadripartite method， this study serves to advance the theoretical framework of the hydrocarbon accumulation dynamics in the whole petroleum system， providing scientific support for the collaborative exploration and efficient exploitation of conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources in the Junggar Basin and comparable geological settings.

Key words: buoyancy-driven hydrocarbon accumulation depth （BHAD）, hydrocarbon accumulation depth limit （HADL）, active source-rock depth limit （ASDL）, hydrocarbon migration dynamics, whole petroleum system, Fengcheng Formation, Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin

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