石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1430-1445.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250504
• 油气地质 • 上一篇
耳闯1,2(
), 关宏博1, 刘伟3, 程妮4, 白洁5, 胡崇6
收稿日期:2025-08-02
修回日期:2025-08-29
出版日期:2025-10-30
发布日期:2025-10-29
第一作者简介:耳闯(1982—),男,副教授,沉积储层与非常规油气地质学。E‑mail: erchuang@xsyu.edu.cn。
基金项目:
Chuang ER1,2(
), Hongbo GUAN1, Wei LIU3, Ni CHENG4, Jie BAI5, Chong HU6
Received:2025-08-02
Revised:2025-08-29
Online:2025-10-30
Published:2025-10-29
摘要:
为了探究陆源物质输入对半深湖-深湖相页岩有机质类型的影响,以鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长73油层亚组页岩为例,选取延长组沉积期湖盆东北部、西北部和西南部的4口钻井岩心样品,综合开展岩石学、沉积学以及有机地球化学研究,分析了陆源物质输入对有机质类型的影响。研究结果表明:①4口钻井的样品为富有机质泥岩和页岩,成熟度(镜质体反射率Ro)介于0.91% ~ 1.03%,属于中-低成熟度页岩;干酪根类型为Ⅱ1型和Ⅱ2型,显微组分均以腐泥组为主,镜质组次之,不同井之间显微组分类型有较大的差异。②长73油层亚组页岩发育层状页岩、不连续-连续纹层状页岩、块状-不连续纹层状含粉砂页岩、块状-不连续纹层状粉砂质页岩、层状粉砂质页岩、纹层状粉砂质页岩和块状粉砂质页岩等7种岩相类型。其中,层状页岩受陆源物质输入的影响最小,而块状-不连续纹层状粉砂质页岩、层状粉砂质页岩、纹层状粉砂质页岩以及块状粉砂质页岩受陆源物质输入的影响最大。这4口井中,W336井受陆源碎屑输入影响较小,发育Ⅱ1型干酪根,显微组分中腐泥组含量为64% ~ 83%,占绝对优势;其余3口井受陆源碎屑的输入影响较大,以Ⅱ2型干酪根为主,镜质组含量介于15% ~ 42%。③在强陆源物质输入的影响下,半深湖-深湖环境中有机质母质类型仍以水生生物为主,有机质类型好,且伴随石英和长石等陆源输入的高等植物碎屑,在缺氧底层水中与藻类共存,形成了Ⅱ1-Ⅱ2混合型干酪根,有机质类型变差。
中图分类号:
图2
鄂尔多斯盆地长73油层亚组页岩岩心、岩石薄片和显微组分照片a. W336井,埋深1 954.40 m,黑色页岩夹棕黄色凝灰岩,TOC = 19.90%,岩心照片;b. W336井,埋深2 062.35 m,黑色泥岩,发育滑塌变形构造,凝灰质砂岩与泥岩不规则接触,TOC = 6.66%, 岩心照片;c. ZU375井,埋深1 970.65 m,黑色页岩夹砂质薄层或砂岩透镜体,岩心照片;d, e. 分别为薄片全视域照片和普通岩石薄片照片(单偏光),ZU375井,埋深1 968.25 m,层状页岩岩相,发育连续长英质纹层、黏土质纹层和块状结构等3种以上显微沉积构造,TOC = 29.20%,Ⅱ2型干酪根,类型指数1.50;f, g. 分别为薄片全视域照片和普通岩石薄片照片(单偏光),W336井,埋深1 954.40 m,不连续-连续纹层状页岩,发育连续的长英质纹层和黏土质纹层,砂质含量高,TOC = 19.90%,Ⅱ1型干酪根,类型指数57.00;h, i. 分别为薄片全视域照片和普通岩石薄片照片(单偏光),H269井,埋深2 531.30 m,块状-不连续纹层状含粉砂页岩岩相,以块状结构和不连续的长英质纹层和黏土质纹层为主,粉砂质含量低,TOC = 13.10%,Ⅱ2型干酪根,类型指数39.75;j, k. 分别为薄片全视域照片和普通岩石薄片照片(单偏光),HA87-1井,埋深2 010.80 m,块状-不连续纹层状粉砂质页岩,TOC = 8.13%,Ⅱ2型干酪根,类型指数33.50;l, m. 分别为薄片全视域照片和普通岩石薄片照片(单偏光),ZU375井,埋深1 962.55 m,层状粉砂质页岩,发育长英质纹层、黏土质纹层和块状结构等3种以上显微沉积构造,砂质含量高,TOC = 5.35%,Ⅱ2型干酪根,类型指数36.75;n, o. 分别为薄片全视域照片和普通岩石薄片照片(单偏光),W336井,埋深1 956.90 m,纹层状粉砂质页岩,发育连续的长英质纹层和黏土质纹层,砂质含量高,TOC = 9.20%,Ⅱ1型干酪根,类型指数71.75;p, q. 分别为薄片全视域照片和普通岩石薄片照片(单偏光), W336井,埋深2 060.00 m,块状粉砂质页岩,无明显显微沉积构造,粉砂质含量高,TOC = 7.32%,Ⅱ1型干酪根,类型指数56.50;r. W336井,埋深1 954.40 m,腐泥无定型,透射光下黄棕色,TOC = 19.90%,Ⅱ1型干酪根,类型指数66.50,干酪根显微组分照片,透射光;s. W336井,埋深1 954.40 m,腐泥无定型,蓝光激发下呈褐色荧光,TOC = 19.90%,Ⅱ1型干酪根,类型指数66.50,干酪根显微显组分薄片照片,荧光;t. ZU375井,埋深1 968.85 m,透射光下正常镜质体以棕色为主,腐殖无定型,呈褐黄-浅棕色,TOC = 26.70%,Ⅲ型干酪根,类型指数-0.50,干酪根显微组分照片,透射光;s. ZU375井,埋深1 968.85 m,蓝光激发下正常镜质体无荧光,腐殖无定型,呈黄褐色,TOC = 26.70%,Ⅲ型干酪根,类型指数-0.50,干酪根显微显组分薄片照片,荧光"
表1
鄂尔多斯盆地4口井长73油层亚组页岩岩相类型划分与沉积环境意义"
岩相 类型 | 层状页岩 | 不连续-连续纹层状页岩 | 块状-不连续纹层含粉砂页岩 | 块状-不连续纹层粉砂质页岩 | 层状粉砂质页岩 | 纹层状粉砂质页岩 | 块状粉砂质页岩 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 显微结构特征 | 发育连续长英质纹层、黏土质纹层和块状结构等3种以上显微沉积构造,纹层厚度 > 1.0 mm | 以连续和不连续的长英质纹层与黏土质纹层为主,纹层厚度 < 1.0 mm | 以块状结构和不连续的长英质纹层和黏土质纹层为主,长英质含量低 | 以块状、不连续的长英质纹层和黏土质纹层为主,纹层厚度 < 1.0 mm,长英质含量偏高 | 发育长英质纹层、黏土质纹层和块状结构等3种以上显微沉积构造,层厚 > 1.5 mm,长英质含量高 | 发育连续的长英质纹层和黏土质纹层,纹层厚度 < 1.0 mm,纹层数量多,长英质含量偏高 | 无明显显微沉积构造,长英质含量高 |
| 沉积环境意义 | 水体安静,受重力流沉积影响,沉积分异明显 | 水体较安静,存在波动,受重力流沉积影响大 | 水体动荡性增加,受重力流沉积影响大,沉积分异作用弱 | 水体动荡性增加,受重力流沉积影响大,陆源输入增加,沉积分异作用弱 | 水体动荡,受重力流沉积影响大,陆源输入增加 | 水体安静,受重力流沉积影响大,陆源输入增加,沉积分异明显 | 水体动荡,陆源输入影响大,沉积分异不明显 |
| 陆源物质影响 | 弱 | 偏弱 | 偏强 | 强 | 强 | 强 | 强 |
| 腐泥组含量/% | |||||||
| 镜质组含量/% | |||||||
| 干酪根类型指数 | |||||||
| H269井 | - | - | + | ++ | ++ | + | + |
| HA87-1井 | + | - | + | + | - | + | - |
| ZU375井 | + | ++ | - | - | ++ | - | - |
| W336井 | ++ | + | + | + | + | + | + |
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