石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 1646-1663.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250516
• 油气地质 • 上一篇
赵俊威1(
), 周健2, 邹俭巍3, 孙海航4, 郑晓丽1, 张明晨1
收稿日期:2024-08-07
修回日期:2025-06-06
出版日期:2025-10-30
发布日期:2025-10-29
第一作者简介:赵俊威(1988—),男,博士、副教授、硕士研究生导师,油气藏开发地质、储层沉积学、油藏建模。E-mail:zhaojunwei0201@126.com。
基金项目:
Junwei ZHAO1(
), Jian ZHOU2, Jianwei ZOU3, Haihang SUN4, Xiaoli ZHENG1, Mingchen ZHANG1
Received:2024-08-07
Revised:2025-06-06
Online:2025-10-30
Published:2025-10-29
摘要:
河口坝砂体是三角洲沉积体系的重要油气储层,受限于露头、现代沉积及地下储层资料维度、尺度及分辨率,其内部沉积演化过程及构型特征的系统表征一直面临挑战。利用沉积数值模拟技术与现代沉积相结合的方法,分析了典型河口坝的沉积演化过程,建立了河口坝内部构型模式,并深入探讨了发育区的水动力数学模型与机制。研究结果表明:①典型河口坝的沉积演化过程可划分为垂向加积期、前积期、侧向加积期、稳定期及复合河口坝形成期,不同演化阶段的河口坝形态特征存在差异,依次呈现小型长舌状、近菱形状、三角状或“V”状、心滩状和长椭圆状等形态。②河口坝沉积演化过程受水动力变化特征控制,在射流、盆底摩擦力及水体浮力的综合作用下,形成了不同的加积方式与河口坝平面形态。③水动力条件的差异还导致河口坝内部构型模式的分异,其内部加积方式可分为垂积式、前积式及侧积式,单一河口坝不同部位内部构型发育模式具有空间分异性,中心部位以垂向加积为主,前端表现为前积特征,侧翼则呈现侧向披覆及侧向加积特征。本研究为河控三角洲内部河口坝内部构型的精细表征提供了理论依据,对地下河口坝储层构型解析具有一定指导意义。
中图分类号:
图5
美国墨西哥湾Atchafalaya三角洲河口坝沉积演化过程(修改自文献[21,36])a. 1984年,发育局部可见的舌状坝;b. 1986年,可见舌状坝相前进积;c. 1987年,可见舌状坝向前进积;d. 1989年,近菱形状坝,坝体明显增宽;e. 1994年,坝体明显增宽;f. 1999年,分流河道发生小规模侧积;g. 2004年,海平面上升导致加积方式可能发生变化;h. 2006年,海平面上升导致加积方式可能发生变化;i. 2007年,单一河口坝趋于稳定;j. 2011年,“V”状河口坝;k. 2015年,不规则形态的复合河口坝;l. 2016年,复合河口坝内部分流成因及决口成因的分流河道"
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