渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系页岩油可动性影响因素

doi:10.11743/ogg20160314

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探索渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系页岩油可动性与页岩演化程度变化关系，分析了东营凹陷古近系页岩主要粘土矿物演化特征、页岩流体压力发育情况、页岩内烃类流体性质演化规律，以显微荧光方法对页岩的可动油进行了观测，并对页岩可动油率进行了模拟实验测定。研究表明：随页岩埋深增加，伊/蒙混层及蒙脱石含量逐步降低，至3 500 m深度时达到平衡点。埋深大于3 500 m粘土矿物水化膨胀性减弱，有利于页岩油储层的压裂和压裂后裂缝的保持。2 800 m以下，页岩普遍发育自源异常高压，为页岩油的产出提供了有利的天然能量。埋深大于3 000 m，由于进入生烃高峰，页岩内一般具有较高的含油饱和度。在埋深小于4 200 m页岩内以油相为主，至4 300 m进入凝析气相阶段。页岩油粘度随深度增加明显降低，在3 500 m左右降至较低数值。显微荧光观测和可动油模拟实验表明：埋深大于3 000 m页岩中均存在可动油，且随深度增加，可动油比例增大。综合粘土矿物演化特征、流体压力发育情况、页岩内流体性质和可动油实验结果，认为东营凹陷大于3 500 m的古近系页岩油具有较好的勘探前景。

关键词: 粘土矿物, 地层压力, 流体性质, 可动油, 页岩油, 东营凹陷, 济阳坳陷

Abstract: In order to understand the relationship between mobility of the Paleogene shale oil and thermal evolution degree of the shale in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,this paper studied three critical geological factors affecting shale oil's recoverability,including the evolution of predominant clay minerals,abnormal fluid pressure,and the evolution of hydrocarbon fluid characteristics.Furthermore,we observed the movable oil existing in fresh shale by using fluorescence microscopy,and measured movable oil quantity by using a physical simulation method.Results show that both mixed-layer illite/smectite and montmorillonite contents decrease continuously with increasing shale burial depth,and reach equilib-rium at about 3 500 m.Therefore,shale below 3 500 m is favorable for fracturing and post-frac maintenance of factures due to the weakening of hydration expansion ability of clay minerals.The continuous overpressure widely developed in shale deeper than 2 800 m provides natural energy for fluid outflow.Shale enters into oil window at a depth over 3 000 m,thus its oil saturation is generally quite high.Oil phase is predominant in shale with depth ranging from 3 000 m to 4 200 m,while condensate gas dominates in shale at a depth larger than 4 300 m.Shale oil viscosity decreases dramatically with increasing burial depth,and reaches a relatively lower value at depth of about 3 500 m,then decreases slightly with increasing depth.Fluorescence microscopy observations and simulation experiments show that movable oil widely exists in shale deeper than 3 000 m,and the ratio of movable oil increases with increasing shale burial depth.Based on a comprehensive analysis of mineral transformation mechanism,fluid pressure,fluid property in shale,and movable oil experiment results,it is concluded that the Paleogene shale below 3 500 m in Dongying sag has good shale oil exploration prospects.

Key words: clay mineral, formation pressure, fluid property, recoverable oil, shale oil, Dongying Sag, Jiyang Depression

中图分类号:

TE132.2

包友书,张林晔,张金功,等. 渤海湾盆地东营凹陷古近系页岩油可动性影响因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2016, 37(3): 408-414. doi: 10.11743/ogg20160314 Bao Youshu,Zhang Linye,Zhang Jingong,et al. Factors influencing mobility of Paleogene shale oil in Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(3): 408-414. doi: 10.11743/ogg20160314

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