Oil & Gas Geology ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 777-789.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250306
• Petroleum Geology • Previous Articles Next Articles
Chenglin LIU1,2(
), Sijie HONG1,2, Xinpei WANG1,2, Liyong FAN3, Haidong WANG1,2, Jianfa CHEN1,2, Yuxin ZHU4, Zhengang DING1,2, Xue ZHANG1,2, Haoran HU1,2
Received:2024-07-15
Revised:2024-10-25
Online:2025-06-30
Published:2025-06-26
CLC Number:
Chenglin LIU, Sijie HONG, Xinpei WANG, Liyong FAN, Haidong WANG, Jianfa CHEN, Yuxin ZHU, Zhengang DING, Xue ZHANG, Haoran HU. Progress and prospects of helium exploration and production in China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(3): 777-789.
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Table 1
Geology, geochemistry, and helium generation-migration-accumulation patterns of major helium-bearing gas fields (reservoirs) in China"
| 气田名称 | 所属盆地及构造背景 | 天然气组分 | 氦气含量/% | R/Ra | 氦气探明地质储量/(108 m3) | 氦源岩 | 储-盖组合 | 生-运-聚模式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 威远气田 | 四川盆地乐山-龙女寺古隆起核部的穹窿背斜 | 烃类、氦气 | 0.120 ~ 0.404/0.260 | 0.013 ~ 0.041/0.024 | 93.980 | 前震旦系花岗岩、寒武系筇竹寺组黑色页岩 | 储层为震旦系灯影组白云岩;盖层为下寒武统筇竹寺组泥页岩 | 以古隆起为构造背景-以基底花岗岩类与上覆富铀、钍沉积岩为氦源岩-主要与烃类伴生 |
| 庆阳气田 | 鄂尔多斯盆地中央古隆起 | 0.068~0.310/0.154 | 0.019 ~ 0.031/0.022 | 0.420 | 基底花岗岩、石炭系-二叠系煤、暗色泥岩、铝土岩 | 储层为二叠系太原组、山西组和下石盒子组砂岩;盖层为石千峰组厚层泥岩 | ||
| 黄龙气田 | 鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡和渭北隆起交汇部位 | 0.015~0.226/0.130 | — | 0.040 | 古元古界结晶变质基底及上古生界本溪组煤岩、暗色泥岩 | 储层为二叠系太原组、山西组和下石盒子组碎屑砂岩;盖层为石千峰组厚层泥岩 | ||
| 马北气田 | 柴达木盆地马海凸起 | 0.060~0.810/0.270 | 0.004 ~ 0.059/0.023 | 0.040 | 上志留统-下泥盆统花岗岩、花岗片麻岩及侏罗系沉积岩 | 储层为古近系砂岩;盖层为下干柴沟组上部泥岩 | ||
| 牛东气田 | 柴达木盆地北缘阿尔金山前东段 | 0.050~0.060/0.055 | 0.009 ~ 0.026/0.017 | — | 储层为侏罗系砂岩;盖层为侏罗系泥岩 | |||
| 东坪气田 | 柴达木盆地东坪斜坡,古近纪以来的大型盆缘鼻状古隆起 | 0.075~1.069/0.380 | 0.007~0.016/0.011 | 0.440 | 储层为基岩风化壳;盖层为古近系路乐河组含膏泥岩和膏质碳酸盐岩 | |||
| 尖北气田 | 柴达木盆地尖北斜坡带,古近纪以来的大型盆缘鼻状古隆起 | 0.160~0.570 | — | 0.420 | 储层为基岩风化壳;盖层为古近系路乐河组含膏泥岩和膏质碳酸盐岩 | |||
| 和田河气田 | 塔里木盆地巴楚隆起南缘玛扎塔格构造带 | 0.044~0.370/0.320 | 0.060~0.083/0.075 | 1.960 | 中元古界花岗岩、寒武系暗色泥岩 | 储层为石炭系生屑灰岩段及奥陶系潜山碳酸盐岩;盖层为石炭系含膏泥岩 | ||
| 东胜气田 | 鄂尔多斯盆地伊盟隆起 | 烃类、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气 | 0.045~0.487/0.133 | 0.013~0.045/0.024 | 2.440 | 基底花岗岩、石炭系-二叠系煤和暗色泥岩 | 储层为二叠系山西组和下石盒子组砂岩;盖层为石千峰组厚层泥岩 | 以古隆起为构造背景-以基底花岗岩类与上覆富铀、钍沉积岩为氦源岩-主要与烃类、二氧化碳、氮气伴生 |
| 阿克莫木 气田 | 塔里木盆地西南坳陷喀什凹陷北缘乌恰构造带 | 0.038~0.130/0.084 | 0.549~0.596 | — | 基底花岗岩与石炭系、二叠系及侏罗系泥岩 | 储层为下白垩统克孜勒苏群;盖层为白垩系和古近系泥岩 |
Continue Table 1 Geology, geochemistry, and helium generation-migration-accumulation patterns of major helium-bearing gas fields (reservoirs) in China"
| 气田名称 | 所属盆地及构造背景 | 天然气组分 | 氦气含量/% | R/Ra | 氦气探明地质储量/(108 m3) | 氦源岩 | 储-盖组合 | 生-运-聚模式 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 金秋气田 | 四川盆地川中平缓褶皱带和川北低平褶皱带的过渡区域 | 烃类、氦气 | 0.050~0.100/0.071 | 0.010~0.080/0.033 | 1.500 | 三叠系须家河组煤系、侏罗系暗色泥岩 | 储层为侏罗系砂岩;盖层为侏罗系泥岩 | 以平缓褶皱带及斜坡为构造背景-以富铀、钍沉积岩为氦源岩-主要与烃类伴生 |
| 神木气田 | 鄂尔多斯盆地伊陕斜坡 | 0.017~0.116/0.052 | — | 1.730 | 石炭系-二叠系煤和暗色泥岩 | 储层为二叠系山西组和下石盒子组碎屑砂岩;盖层为石千峰组厚层泥岩 | ||
| 太平庄气田 | 松辽盆地长春岭背斜带 | 烃类、氦气 | 0.140~0.190/0.157 | 0.310~0.480/0.390 | 0.002 | 壳-幔复合 | 储层为下白垩统泉头组;盖层为上白垩统青山口组和嫩江组下部泥岩 | 以背斜带为构造背景-以地幔与上覆富铀、钍沉积岩为氦源-主要与烃类伴生 |
| 花沟气田 | 渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷西南与惠民凹陷东南结合部位的断鼻带 | 氮气、氦气 | 2.080~3.080/2.580 | 3.100~3.190/3.145 | — | 储层为新近系明化镇组砂岩;盖层为明化镇组泥岩 | 以凹陷为构造背景-地幔与上覆富铀、钍沉积岩为氦源-主要与氮气伴生 | |
| 黄桥气田 | 苏北盆地南京凹陷东北端黄桥复向斜带黄桥背斜 | 二氧化碳、氦气 | 0.109~0.571/0.340 | 1.960~3.240/2.600 | — | 幔源二氧化碳、氮气、氦气、高自然伽马砂层放射性成因的氦气、二叠系栖霞组灰岩变质成因的二氧化碳 | 储层为新近系下盐城组二段砂岩;盖层为下盐城组泥岩 | 以凹陷为构造背景-以地幔与上覆富铀、钍沉积岩为氦源-主要与二氧化碳伴生 |
| 苏仁诺尔气藏、巴彦塔拉气藏 | 海拉尔盆地乌尔逊断陷苏仁诺尔和巴彦塔拉构造 | 0.003~0.198/0.101 | 1.200~1.490/1.345 | — | 壳幔复合 | 储层为白垩系南屯组、铜钵庙组砂岩、砂砾岩及基岩风化壳;盖层为白垩系南屯组泥岩 | ||
| 宝月气藏 | 三水盆地宝月凹陷宝月背斜 | 烃类、二氧化碳、氮气、氦气 | 0.110~0.259/0.185 | 4.090~4.560/4.325 | — | 壳幔复合 | 储层为古近系布心组砂岩;盖层为布心组泥岩 | 以凹陷为构造背景-以地幔与上覆富铀、钍沉积岩为氦源-主要与烃类、二氧化碳、氮气伴生 |
Table 2
Geological parameters of typical helium-bearing basins in China"
| 主要参数 | 挤压型含油气盆地 | 过渡型含油气盆地 | 拉张型含油气盆地 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 塔里木 | 柴达木 | 鄂尔多斯 | 四川 | 松辽 | 渤海湾 | |
| 面积/(104 km2) | 56 | 12 | 32 | 23 | 26 | 20 |
| 基底 | Ar,Pt结晶基底 | Pz褶皱基底 | AnZ结晶基岩 | Pt结晶基岩 | Pz褶皱基底 | AnZ结晶基岩 |
| 沉积盖层 | Pz,Mz | Mz, R,Q | Z,Pz,Mz | Z,Pz, Mz | J,K,R,Q | Z, Pz, Mz,R, Q |
| 沉积岩厚度/km | 5~12 | 3~10 | 6~7 | 6~10 | 4~6 | 3~10 |
| 磁场特征 | 北东、东西、北西3组磁场带 | 北西西宽缓正异常 | 宽缓磁场正异常 | 宽缓变化菱形磁场正异常 | 宽缓正异常 | NE向正、负 异常 |
| 重力加速度/ (10-5 m/s2) | -225~-125 | -350~-325 | -170~-130 | -170~-90 | 10~20 | 10~20 |
| 地壳厚度/km | 39~45 | 50~55 | 43~44 | 38~42 | 27~35 | 29~37 |
| 地温梯度/(℃/km) | 17~20 | 20~28 | 22~27 | 25~30 | 37 | 33~45 |
| 岩浆活动 | 二叠纪辉绿岩、玄武岩 | 古生代花岗岩 | 晚三叠世凝灰岩 | 二叠纪玄武岩 | 第四纪玄武岩 | 新生代玄武岩 |
| 含气层系 | 新近系、古近系、侏罗系、石炭系、奥陶系 | 第四系、新近系、古近系、石炭系 | 二叠系、石炭系、奥陶系、寒武系 | 侏罗系、三叠系、二叠系、石炭系、寒武系、震旦系 | 白垩系 | 新近系— 震旦系 |
| 盆地构造类型 | 碰撞挤压带之间大型复合盆地 | 碰撞挤压带之间大型复合盆地 | 板内多旋回拗陷盆地 | 板内多旋回拗陷盆地 | 板内断-拗 盆地 | 板内多旋回断-拗盆地 |
| 氦气来源 | 壳源为主,少量幔源 | 壳源为主,少量 幔源 | 壳源 | 壳源 | 壳-幔复合 | |
| 主要氦气生-运-聚模式 | 以古隆起为构造背景-以基底花岗岩类与上覆富铀、钍沉积层为氦源岩-主要与烃类、非烃气伴生 | 以古隆起为构造背景-以基底花岗岩类与上覆富铀、钍沉积层为氦源岩-主要与烃类伴生,以古隆起为构造背景-以上覆富铀、钍沉积层为氦源岩-主要与烃类伴生 | 以凹陷为构造背景-以地幔与上覆富铀、钍沉积岩为氦源岩-主要与非烃气伴生 | |||
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