鄂尔多斯盆地陕北地区延长组长8与长9油层组烃源岩分布与地球化学特征及页岩油资源潜力评价

doi:10.11743/ogg20250503

Abstract

Abstract:

Using data from core observations， geochemical analysis， logging， crude oil physical properties， and well tests， we investigate the geochemical characteristics and spatial distribution of hydrocarbon source rocks in the 8th and 9th oil groups of the Yanchang Formation （also referred to as the Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil groups， respectively） in northern Shaanxi， Ordos Basin. The implications of tight oil accumulation within the lower hydrocarbon play of the Yanchang Formation in the study area are explored， and shale oil resources in the area are calculated. The results indicate that the silty mudstones， mudstones， and shales of the Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil groups contain total organic carbon （TOC） content ranging from 1.0% to 16.0% （average： 4.8%）， suggesting that they represent source rocks with organic matter abundance of good to excellent level. The kerogen of the source rocks exhibits type index （TI） values ranging from 47 to 92 （average： 70） and δ¹³C_kerogen values from -25.9‰ to -29.8‰ （average： -27.8‰）， indicating a predominance of type Ⅱ₁ kerogen. The source rocks show peak hydrocarbon pyrolysis temperature （T_max） ranging from 444 ℃ to 470 ℃ （average： 456 ℃） and R_o values from 0.72% to 1.56% （average： 1.16%）， indicating that the organic matter is primarily in the mature to highly mature stage. Effective source rocks with TOC content > 1.0% and R_o values > 0.70% are identified across all oil sub-groups of the Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil groups. Among them， the Lijiapan shale of the Chang 9 oil group represents the most favorable source rocks， followed by shales of the 2nd and 1st oil sub-groups of the Chang 8 oil group （also referred to as the Chang 8² and Chang 8¹ oil sub-groups， respectively）， as well as the Chang 9 oil group. The Lijiapan shale of the Chang 9 oil group thickens progressively from Dingbian to Ganquan， with thicknesses ranging from 4.0 m to 17.0 m （average： 7.5 m）. Its primary depocenters are located in Ganquan and southern Ansai， where zones with shale thicknesses exceeding 10.0 m cover an area of approximately 3 574 km². In the Ganquan area， the Lijiapan shale of the Chang 9 oil group shows a thickness of up to a maximum of more than 35.0 m. The source rocks of the Chang 8 oil group are extensively developed in the Zhidan， Ganquan， and Fuxian areas， with those of the Chang 8¹ and Chang 8² oil sub-groups showing maximum single-layer continuous thicknesses exceeding 10.0 m and 30.0 m， respectively. Vertically， four types of source rock assemblages are identified within the lower hydrocarbon play of the Yanchang Formation： the Zhangjiatan shale （type A）， the Zhangjiatan shale + the Lijiapan shale （type B）， the Zhangjiatan shale + source rocks at the base of the Chang 8₂ oil sub-group + the Lijiapan shale （type C）， and the Zhangjiatan shale + source rocks in the middle Chang 8 oil group + the Lijiapan shale （type D）. Since source rocks act as both oil source rocks and cap rocks， the tight oil reservoirs of the Chang 8 oil group with source rock assemblages of types B， C， and D manifest favorable oil sources and strong sealing performance， which contribute to high tested oil production rates. Effective source rocks are further subdivided based on the oil saturation index （OSI） values， free hydrocarbon content （S₁）， chloroform bitumen “A” content， saturated hydrocarbon content， and aromatic hydrocarbon content of source rocks， as well as experience in the exploration and exploitation of the Gulong shale oil in the Daqing oilfield and international analogues. Specifically， effective source rocks with OSI values of greater than 100 mg/g， 70 ~ 100 mg/g， and less than 70 mg/g are categorized as resources with readily movable （class Ⅰ）， potentially movable （class Ⅱ）， and hardly movable （class Ⅲ） shale oil， respectively. Silty mudstones are found bearing class Ⅰ shale oil due to their high hydrocarbon generation capacity and better reservoir spaces than mudstones and shales. The classes Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅲ shale oil resources in the study area are calculated at 0.38 × 10⁹ t， 0.75 × 10⁹ t， and 2.95 × 10⁹ t， respectively.

Key words: geochemical characteristics, source rock, tight oil, shale oil, 8th oil group of the Yanchang Formation （Chang 8 oil group）, Chang 9 oil group, northern Shaanxi, Ordos Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.1

Lei CAO, Xinzhi YAN, Hui LI, Weitao WU, Yubin BAI, Zilong ZHAO. Geochemical characteristics， distribution， and shale oil resource potential of source rocks in the 8th and 9th oil groups of the Yanchang Formation， northern Shaanxi， Ordos Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(5): 1410-1429.

Figures/Tables 17

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References 35

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烃源岩等级	TOC/%	（S₁+S₂）/（mg/g）
非	TOC < 0.5	S₁+S₂ < 2
一般	0.5 ≤TOC < 1.0	2 ≤ S₁+S₂ < 6
好	1.0 ≤TOC < 2.0	6 ≤ S₁+S₂ < 20
优质	TOC≥ 2.0	S₁ + S₂≥ 20

样品编号	井口新鲜密封样品密闭热释烃含量/（mg/g）	放置30 d后常规S₁/（mg/g）	TOC/%	密闭热释烃含量/常规S₁
L-15	4.99	1.78	5.9	2.80
L-19	3.97	1.67	5.2	2.38
L-23	5.36	1.67	6.6	3.21
L-24	5.91	2.68	7.8	2.20
L-25	12.65	3.27	2.7	3.87
L-29	1.34	0.61	1.4	2.19
L-30	1.29	0.35	1.4	3.68

Geochemical characteristics， distribution， and shale oil resource potential of source rocks in the 8th and 9th oil groups of the Yanchang Formation， northern Shaanxi， Ordos Basin

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