鄂尔多斯盆地西缘奥陶系樱桃沟组等深流-重力流交互作用沉积特征及形成机理

doi:10.11743/ogg20250509

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on the analyses of lithologies， paleocurrents， and grain sizes， we investigate the characteristics， formation processes， and controlling factors of deposition under the joint action of contour current and gravity flow. The results indicate the presence of six lithofacies and corresponding four types of sedimentary origins in the study area：（1） silty mudstone （shale） facies， indicative of deep-water autochthonous deposits；（2） calcirudite facies with massive bedding， representing debris flow deposits （debrites）；（3） sandstone facies with graded bedding， reflecting turbidity current deposits （turbidites）； and （4） sandstone facies with wavy bedding， lenticular bedding， and bi-directional cross-bedding， corresponding to the contour current-reworked gravity flow deposits （also referred to as reworked sands）. Among these sedimentary types， the reworked sands exhibit five distinct characteristics. First， the reworked sands exhibit favorable sorting coefficients ranging from 0.63 to 0.70， sub-angular to sub-rounded morphologies， and multiple grain-size subpopulations. Second， paleocurrents moved in the NW and NE directions. Specifically， the turbidity currents moved in the NW direction downward along slopes， while the contour currents moved in the NE direction parallel to slopes. Third， the cumulative probability curves of grain sizes present a pattern of one to three segments， suggesting the characteristics of gravity flow and traction current deposits. Fourth， the grain sizes of sediment decrease gradually from bottom to top， forming normally graded bedding， with scour surfaces developed within layers and erosion extensively occurring at the top. Fifth， a variety of sedimentary structures are identified， typified by wavy bedding， lenticular bedding， and bi-directional cross-bedding. From the bottom up， the study area exhibits sedimentary types of reworked sands， turbidites， reworked sands， and debrites sequentially. In this area， turbidity currents moved in the NW direction northwestward along slopes， while contour currents moved northeastward roughly parallel to slopes. In the case where the turbidity currents have higher energy than the contour currents， turbidites predominate. While when they are equal in strength， the contour currents could transport， modify， and redeposit original sediment （e.g.， turbidites）， leading to the formation of reworked sands. The reworked sands exhibit a porosity of 7.56% and a permeability of 2.1 × 10^-3 µm². In contrast， the turbidites display a porosity of 2.42% and a permeability of 1.74 × 10^-3 µm². Therefore， the reworked sands deliver more favorable reservoir performance than the turbidites. The deep-water autochthonous deposits exhibit favorable source rocks. These deposits are interbedded with reworked sands， forming a source rock-reservoir-cap rock assemblage that facilitates hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation.

Key words: gravity flow, contour current, reworked sands, turbidites, Yingtaogou Formation, Ordovician, Ordos Basin

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Jize WU, Hua LI, Youbin HE, Chunwei JIANG, Yiming HE, Fengnan YAO, Xiankun ZHANG. Characteristics and mechanisms of deposition under joint action of contour current and gravity flow in the Ordovician Yingtaogou Formation along the western margin of the Ordos Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(5): 1522-1535.

Figures/Tables 8

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沉积类型	原地沉积	碎屑流沉积	浊流沉积	改造砂沉积
岩相	岩相1	岩相2	岩相3	岩相4、岩相5、岩相6
岩相组合	岩相组合一	岩相组合二	岩相组合三	岩相组合四
结构	黏土、粉砂	钙质、硅质胶结，分选、磨圆极差	石英颗粒为主，分选一般，钙质胶结为主，棱角状-次棱角状，粒径相对集中	石英颗粒为主，分选较好，钙质-硅质胶结，次棱角状-次圆状
概率累积曲线	无	无	一段式	一段式、两段式、三段式
沉积构造	水平层理	块状层理	平行层理、交错层理、变形层理、沟模和槽模	透镜状层理、波状层理、双向交错层理
生物遗迹化石	笔石	腹足类	无	笔石、生物扰动
沉积序列	无	无	正粒序、鲍马序列	正粒序，顶部和内部见侵蚀
古水流方向	无	无	NW向	NE向
地层产状	层状	层状、透镜状	层状	层状

Characteristics and mechanisms of deposition under joint action of contour current and gravity flow in the Ordovician Yingtaogou Formation along the western margin of the Ordos Basin

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