典型河口坝沉积演化过程与沉积水动力机制

doi:10.11743/ogg20250516

Abstract

Abstract:

Mouth-bar sand bodies serve as significant hydrocarbon reservoirs in the deltaic sedimentary system. However， due to the limitations of the dimensions， scales， and resolutions of data on outcrops， modern deposits， and underground reservoirs， the systematic characterization of both the internal sedimentary evolution processes and the architectural characteristics of the mouth-bar sand bodies remains challenging. By integrating sedimentary numerical simulations and modern sediment observations， we analyze the sedimentary evolution of typical mouth bars， reveal their internal architectural patterns， and thoroughly explore the hydrodynamic mathematical models and mechanisms in their development areas. The results indicate that the sedimentary evolution of typical mouth bars can be divided into five stages： vertical aggradation， progradation， lateral aggradation， stabilization， and the formation of composite mouth bars. These mouth bars exhibit varying morphological characteristics across these evolutionary stages， appearing small elongated tongue-shaped， nearly rhombus， triangular or V-shaped， mid-channel bar-shaped， and long ellipse-shaped sequentially. The sedimentary evolution of mouth bars is governed by hydrodynamic variations. The combined action of jets， basin-floor friction， and water buoyancy， results in the formation of varying aggradational styles and diverse planar morphologies of the existing mouth bars. Additionally， variations in hydrodynamic conditions lead to differentiation in the internal architectural patterns of mouth bars. Accordingly， their internal aggradational styles can be classified into vertical aggradation， progradation， and lateral aggradation. For an individual mouth bar， the developmental model of its internal architecture shows spatial differentiation， featuring vertical aggradation-predominated central part， progradation-dominated front end， and lateral draping and aggradation-prevalent side wings. This study provides a theoretical basis for the fine-scale characterization of the internal architectures of mouth bars in fluvial-dominated deltas while also serving as a guide for analyzing the subsurface architectures of mouth-bar reservoirs.

Key words: reservoir architecture, mouth bar, delta, hydrodynamic mechanism, sedimentary numerical simulation

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Junwei ZHAO, Jian ZHOU, Jianwei ZOU, Haihang SUN, Xiaoli ZHENG, Mingchen ZHANG. Exploring the sedimentary evolution processes and hydrodynamic mechanisms of typical mouth bars[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(5): 1646-1663.

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边界参数	参数值
开放边界水位	0 m
沉积物厚度变化记录下限	0.1 m
单次模拟时间步长	0.2 min
地貌加速因子	96
地貌形态更新前的时间间隔	720 min
粗糙度	45 m^1/2s^-1
背景水平涡流黏度和扩散率	0.000 1 m²/s
砂质沉积物干容量	1 650 kg/m³
泥质沉积物干容量	500 kg/m³
黏性沉积物侵蚀临界剪切应力	1 N/m²
黏性沉积物沉积临界剪切应力	1 000 N/m²

Exploring the sedimentary evolution processes and hydrodynamic mechanisms of typical mouth bars

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