A brief analysis of vertical uplifting height and horizontal shortening on the thrust belt in foreland basins of the central and western China reveals that there are two types of forces that controlled the deposition of thrusting belt

one is the horizontal progress force and the other is the vertical uplifting force.The vertical lifting force gave birth to thrust faults.The vertical displacement by the force resulted in the uplifting of mountains and lowering of basins the thrust faults and created accommodation.The horizontal progress force generated strike-slip faults.The horizontal displacement by the force pushed mountains and provenance forward.Based on this understanding

the thrusting during the Paleogene-Neogene in southern margin of Junggar and Kuqa foreland basins can be divided into 5 stages that correspond to three sets of coarse grain deposits and two sets of fine grain deposits respectively.Among them

the conglomerate at the bottom of the Palaeogene was the product of terrigenous clastic deposition in the stage dominated by horizontal progress force (together with auxiliary vertical uplifting force) and also marks the existence of a over-thrusting in the early Himalaya movement;the conglomeratic coarse-grained deposits at the bottom of the Neogene were the result of thrusting under the dominant horizontal progress force in the early thrusting loading period and also marks the renewal activity of over-thrusting during the early-middle Himalaya orogeny;and the conglomeratic coarse-grained deposits at the bottom of the Kuqa-Dushangzi Formation at the top of Neogene were formed during the middle-late Himalaya orogeny when the base rebound and provide large amount of sediments and caused sandbody progradation under horizontal progress force.While another two sets of Paleogene and Neogene lacustrine mudstone deposits were formed in a period with vertical uplifting force predominant when mountain uplifting caused piedmont flexural subsidence being enhanced and lake level rising.