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Received：08 April 2019，
Published：28 April 2020
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为查明中国南方古老层系页岩储层孔隙特征及其影响因素，以中上扬子地区下寒武统页岩为例，采用岩石薄片、压汞-氮气吸附联合测定、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜、聚焦离子束扫描电镜和全岩X衍射等多种技术方法，系统开展页岩孔隙结构、类型及其影响因素研究；并基于页岩储层特征及页岩气形成地质条件，提出了下寒武统页岩气勘探方向。研究认为，下寒武统主要发育棚内拉张槽型、陆架边缘斜坡型及台地前缘斜坡型3种沉积成因类型富有机质页岩。棚内拉张槽型富有机质页岩孔隙以粒间孔和粘土矿物层间孔为主，其次为有机质孔；台地前缘斜坡型富有机质页岩主要以有机质孔和方解石粒内溶蚀孔为主；而陆架边缘斜坡型富有机质页岩以有机质孔为主，无机矿物质孔不发育。整体而言，下寒武统页岩孔隙发育受页岩矿物组成、有机质丰度、热演化程度及保存条件等多种因素控制。结合页岩气保存条件和探井油气发现等相关分析，建议下寒武统页岩气勘探在四川盆地内部应关注棚内拉张槽型页岩分布区，尤其是筇竹寺组上部的富有机质页岩段；而在四川盆地外部，应关注热演化程度适中、保存条件相对较好的台地前缘斜坡型和陆架边缘斜坡型页岩分布区。
The study aims to clarify the reservoir pore characteristics and the factors influencing the ancient shale sequences in Southern China with the samples taken from the Lower Cambrian shale in the Middle-Upper Yangtze area.An integration of multiple technical methods
including the thin section observation
joint tests of high pressure mercury injection and nitrogen adsorption
argon ion milling-scanning electron microscopy
focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM)
whole-rock X-ray diffraction analysis is applied to systematically study the structure
types and influential factors of shale pores.Meanwhile
the potential targets for exploration of the Lower Cambrian shale gas are also pointed out based on the characteristics of the shale reservoir and the geological conditions for shale gas generation.It is concluded that the Lower Cambrian in the study area mainly develops three types of organic-rich shale in terms of depositional genesis
namely the extensional-trough
shelf-margin slope
and platform-front slope.The organic-rich shale of the intra-shelf extensional-trough type is dominated by intergranular pores and interlayer pores of clay mineral
followed by organic pores; that of the platform-front slope type mainly develops organic pores and calcite intragranular dissolution pores; while that of the shelf-margin slope type mainly develops organic pores with almost no inorganic mineral pores.As a whole
the pore development in the Lower Cambrian shale is controlled by a variety of factors including the mineral composition of shale
the abundance of organic matter
thermal evolution degree
and preservation conditions.Given the analysis of shale gas preservation conditions and drilling results of exploration wells
it is suggested that we should pay more attention to the distribution of intra-shelf extensional-trough shale in the Lower Cambrian shale gas exploration within the Sichuan Basin
and this is especially true for the organic-rich shale intervals in the upper part of the Qiongzhusi Formation.While as for the outer area of the Sichuan Basin
the organic-rich shale of both the platform-front and the shelf-margin slope types
featuring moderate thermal evolution and relatively good preservation conditions
should be the research focus.
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