Deformation characteristics and formation mechanisms of salt structures in the Lower Congo Basin

Shuaiyu Shi; Yixin Yu; Jinyin Yin; Changwu Wu; Jingjing Liu; Yanli Liu; Bo Wang

doi:10.11743/ogg20200519

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Deformation characteristics and formation mechanisms of salt structures in the Lower Congo Basin
Vol. 41, Issue 5, Pages: 1092-1099(2020)
Received：17 February 2020，

Published：28 October 2020
DOI： 10.11743/ogg20200519
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DOI：

Shuaiyu Shi, Yixin Yu, Jinyin Yin, et al. Deformation characteristics and formation mechanisms of salt structures in the Lower Congo Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 1092-1099. DOI： 10.11743/ogg20200519.

摘要

下刚果盆地阿普特阶厚层盐岩在被动大陆边缘背景下形成了多种类型的盐构造，并对油气聚集成藏产生了重要影响。论文基于地震剖面解释成果，利用平衡复原剖面和物理模拟实验技术，分析典型盐构造变形特征及其形成演化过程，探讨影响盐构造发育的主要因素。结果表明，下刚果盆地具有明显的构造变形分带特征，其中后缘伸展带主要发育盐滚、盐筏和铲式正断层，中部过渡带以不同形态的盐底辟为主，前缘挤压带主要发育盐蓬、逆冲断层和厚层盐岩。盐构造形成演化主要经历了阿尔比期—晚白垩世初始活动期、晚渐新世—上新世末强烈活动期、上新世末—现今微弱活动期3个阶段。重力滑动作用和上覆层差异负载作用是导致下刚果盆地盐构造发生塑性流动变形的主要因素，而基底倾斜程度也对盐构造变形产生了重要影响。

Abstract

The salt structures of various types formed in the massive Aptian saline rocks of the Lower Congo Basin against a passive continental margin setting are among one of the main factors that affect the accumulation of oil and gas in the basin.Based on seismic section interpretations of the Lower Congo Basin

this study analyzes the deformation characteristics and evolution processes of the typical salt structures

and discusses the factors affecting their development through cross-section balancing and restoration and physical modeling.The results show that the Lower Congo Basin is characterized by zonation under obvious structural deformation

with salt rollers

salt rafts

listric normal faults

and shovel-shaped faults developed in the back extensional zone

different forms of salt diapirs in the central transition zone

and salt canopies

thrust faults and thick-bedded salt rocks in the front compression zone of the basin.The salt structures have undergone three evolutionary stages

namely the initial active stage during the Albian-Late Cretaceous

the strong active stage during the Late Oligocene-Late Pliocene

and the weak active stage during the Late Pleistocene to the present.Gravity sliding and differential loading of overlying strata were the main controlling factors that led to plastic flow of the salt structures.The basement tilting was also involved in the deformation of the salt structures.

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Keywords

references

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