Environment and controlling factors of the Miocene marine source rocks in the Yinggehai Basin
- Vol. 44, Issue 4, Pages: 937-945(2023)
Received:27 January 2023,
Revised:2023-05-31,
Published:01 August 2023
DOI: 10.11743/ogg20230411
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Received:27 January 2023,
Revised:2023-05-31,
Published:01 August 2023
移动端阅览
莺歌海盆地中钻遇中新统海相烃源岩的探井主要分布在盆地边缘及斜坡带,中新统海相优质烃源岩的形成条件与分布规律尚不明确。从生物和环境地球化学的角度,系统剖析了莺歌海盆地中新统海相烃源岩形成时期古海洋生产力、陆源有机质输入与氧化还原环境,揭示了烃源岩发育的主控因素,并预测了优质烃源岩分布。研究区中新统海相烃源岩中P/Ti值揭示古海洋生产力整体偏低,其中乐东区有增大的趋势。由于莺歌海盆地周围发育多条河流,陆源有机质供给充足,其中被子植物来源的奥利烷在中新统海相烃源岩(尤其是三亚组烃源岩)中普遍存在;莺北区、莺东斜坡、东方区和乐东区中新统海相烃源岩中Ni/Co值揭示烃源岩主要发育在偏氧化的沉积水体中,乐东区沉积环境有变好的趋势。烃源岩总有机碳含量(
TOC
)与P/Ti和Ni/Co相关性揭示古生产力和氧化还原环境仅对乐东区L30-1井区烃源岩发育具有一定控制作用;
TOC
值与奥利烷指数(奥利烷/C
30
藿烷)具有明显的正相关性,表明陆源有机质输入对中新统海相烃源岩发育具有明显的控制作用。受海南岛和红河双物源影响的莺北区H29-1井区陆源有机质供给充足,为中新统高有机质丰度海相陆源型烃源岩发育的有利场所;D29-2井区和L30-1井区附近古海洋生产力和保存条件较好,可发育内源型优质烃源岩。
Wells encountering the Miocene marine source rocks in the Yinggehai Basin are mostly confined to the edge and slope areas, leaving the overall forming environment and distribution of these high-quality source rocks in the basin a puzzle to be cracked. This paper, from the perspective of biogeochemistry and environmental geochemistry, reveals the main controlling factors of the formation and distribution of the source rocks through a systematical analysis of paleo-productivity, terrestrial organic matter input and redox conditions of the rocks in the basin. The P/Ti values of the source rocks indicate relatively low paleo-productivity, with only that of the Ledong area showing an increasing trend. The supply of terrestrial organic matter is relatively sufficient because of several rivers around the basin. Oleanane derived from angiosperms is widely occurring in the source rocks, especially those in the Sanya Formation. The Ni/Co ratios of the rocks from the Yingbei, Yingdong Slope, Dongfang and Ledong areas indicate an oxic environment with the redox conditions in the Ledong area better than the rest. The relationship between
TOC
values and P/Ti and Ni/Co ratios shows that the paleo-productivity and redox conditions only control the formation of the source rocks from L30-1 wellblock in the Ledong area.
TOC
values of the source rocks have a positive correlation with the oleanane index (oleanane/C
30
hopane), showing that terrestrial organic matter input has a significant control effect on the development of marine source rocks. The H29-1 wellblock of the Yingbei area, provided with sufficient supply of terrestrial organic matter from both Hainan Island and the Red River, serves as a perfect location for enrichment of high orgnic marine source rocks. While the D29-2 and L30-1 wellblocks with fine paleo-productivity and redox conditions are relatively good for the formation of endogenous high-quality source rocks.
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