最新刊期
卷 31 ， 期 2 ， 2010
- 摘要：This paper introduces the world's shale gas resource potential and the trend of its exploration and exploitation.The author also discusses China's shale gas resource potential and current status of exploration and exploitation.Based on this information,this paper puts forward some strategic concepts of accelerating the survey,exploration and exploitation of shale gas resources in China: 1) to conduct a nationwide survey on shale gas geology and potential,to recognize favorable plays and E&P areas,and to establish pilot areas for shale gas exploration and exploitation;2) to do research on the accumulation and pooling patterns of shale gas,to advance innovation of shale gas exploration and exploitation techniques and to set up a technical system which could support shale gas exploration and exploitation;3) to build talent teams for shale gas survey,exploration and exploitation and to develop a geological data sharing system and a social service system;4) to draw up a plan for shale gas survey,exploration and exploitation,to establish an incentive system for shale gas exploration and production,to perfect the mining rights management system,to reinforce international cooperation and exchange and to establish standards and specifications of shale gas technologies.关键词：shale gas;strategic survey;exploration and exploitation;strategic concept;China3914|1249|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：The Subei Basin is a typical dustpan-shaped fault depression composed vertically of three layers,i.e.,a downwarped basin deposit(K2t-E1f),a fault depression basin deposit(E2d-E2s) and a tilt-block basin deposit(N1-2y).The basin had gone through three episodes of uplifting and is a relic basin formed in the late Early Tertiary.It also developed some fault combinations of different types and NE-and NW-trending structures.This paper documents a discussion on the forming mechanism of the dust-shaped fault depression,and comes to the conclusion that the tilting in the depression is the least likely to be caused by "rotation",and that the numerous extensional faults were resulted from the early reverse faulting of the basement and the reversing of force couple.The present dustpan-shaped basin is the result of deposition or uplifting and erosion when experiencing extension,faulted depression and compression at the same direction,alternating with basement uplifting.The dynamic of the extension and compression mainly came from the subduction and collision of the India Plate and the Pacific-Philippine plate to the Eurasia.With the two forces alternatively working on the eastern China,an "accordion-like" stress field(with extension and compression alternated) was formed in the NW direction,resulting in the dustpan-shaped basin关键词：basin-forming kinetics;right lateral shear;left-lateral shear;complex small fault-block;relic basin;faulted basin;dustpan-shaped depression;Subei Basin2193|700|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：The Bodong low salient is located in the central-north part offshore Bohai bay.It is a narrow N-E trending strip appearing as a horst with two faults sandwiching an uplift on the E-W section.Three sets of fault systems shape the salient into a complex structure with the deep layer being segmented in E-W direction and shallow layers being zoned in N-S direction.The salient experienced three evolution stages: the forming period,the strike-slip structure development period,and the neotectonics period.The unique geographical position of the salient played a determinant role in forming reservoirs with favorable pooling conditions.It has three hydrocarbon kitchens,three sets of reservoirs,three kinds of carrier system,and three types of traps as well as good seals,all of which provide favorable conditions for hydrocarbon pooling.关键词：structural evolution;reservoiring condition;Bodong low salient;Tanlu fault;Bohai Bay Basin1795|453|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：In this paper,sequence stratigraphic theories are used to analyze the hydrocarbon pooling factors and distribution pattern of the Paleocene lithologic and stratigraphic reservoirs in the Dongying Depression.According to the study,the sequence stratigraphy has a major control on the hydrocarbon pooling factors of the lithologic and stratigraphic reservoirs,such as hydrocarbon generation,preservation,sealing,migration and accumulation.Lithologic and stratigraphic reservoirs are mainly distributed below slope break,near unconformity surface or near flooding surface.System tracts and sedimentary base level cycle control the types of reservoirs: stratigraphic re-servoirs mainly occur in the lake transgression system tract,while lithologic reservoirs are mainly found in low system tract and high system tract.The pool-forming efficiencies are different for sandbodies on different orders of sequence boundaries.关键词：sedimentary base level;system tract;pool-forming factor;lithologic and stratigraphic reservoir;sequence stratigraphy2169|848|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：The hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Neogene shallow deltas are the main type of recent discoveries in Bohai Sea.Using various data such as depositional facies analysis,grain size,paleontological marker and paleoenvironment response,we have summarized the sedimentary characteristics and development settings of the shallow deltas,determined their distribution pattern and controls and discussed their favorable conditions of hydrocarbon accumulation.The study results show that:1) these shallow deltas developed in shallow and gentle lakes;2) multiple stages of sand-mud interbedding occurred due to the periodical changes of lake level;3) as the main sedimentation type in these deltas,the sublacustrine distributary channels are stable in their regional distribution.These depositional characteristics may lead to good reservoir-seal combinations in the shallow deltas,and the associated later strike-slip faults are favorable to developing various traps,with sufficient oil sources and an unobstructed hydrocarbon migration.Therefore,these shallow deltas are good in hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and are great in exploration potential.关键词：水下分流河道;浅水三角洲;相分析;油气勘探意义;新近系;黄河口地区2300|682|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：The deep interval of Lower Sha-Member 4 is characterized by producing condensate oil and gas in the Well Fengshen-1 area,the North Dongying zone,Bohai bay Basin.According to a comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon gas composition,nitrogen content,gas carbon isotope,microfluorometric reservoir section and thermal simulation experiment,it is revealed that the gas in this area belongs to a type of crude-cracked gas,and that pyrobitumen generated by thermal alteration occurs widely in the reservoir pores.In combination with the geothermal history of the reservoir rocks and hydrocarbon generation history of the source rocks,it can be verified that a latest Paleogene(Es1)fossil oil-reservoir existed in the deep Sha-Member 4 sandstone-conglomerate body,the oil in which was thermally cracked from Neogene Minghuazhen to the present time(Nm-Q),resulting in the formation of a deep condensate gas reservoir.It is also found that a type of gas mixed by source-kerogen-cracked gas and oil-cracked gas occurs along the fossil oil-reservoir margin,such as the Well Fengshen-3 area,and that a lot of releasing microfractures in the reservoir rocks are the main factor to maintain a normal pressure system in the condensate gas reservoir.关键词：carbon isotope;microfluorescence;pyrobitumen;oil-cracked gas;condensate gas reservoir;North Dongying zone;Jiyang Depression2326|704|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：The research documented in this paper takes the Xingcheng and Shengping volcanic reservoirs in the Xujiawuzi fault depression in the deep of the Songliao basin as study targets. It focus on the controlling effect of the volcanic bodies upon the horizontal and vertical distribution，waterˉgas relationship，caps，pooling types of the gas reservoirs. Thanks to the volcanic bodies，these reservoirs have wide vertical distributions and can occur in a depth up to 4000 to 5000 meters and show features of vertical superimposition of multiple gas reservoirs and lateral beaded distribution. The gasˉwater relationship in the volcanic gas reservoirs is complicated and controlled by the volcanic bodies and eruption periods. Each volcanic body owns isolated gasˉwater systems，but with initor within the same well，there may be several gasˉwater systems. Volcanic gas reservoirs feature in selfˉaccumulation and selfˉsealing and therefore regional seals are not the major condition for hydrocarbon pooling. In general，there are four types of volcanic reservoirs. Among them，the structuralˉlithologic complex gas reservoirs are predominant and controlled mainly by lithology and occur mostly at the structural highs，while the lowˉamplitude anticli nalˉlithologic complex gas reservoirs can only be found in volcanic rocks. They are harbored in a kind of specific anticline formed during volcanic eruptions.关键词：gas reservoir characteristic;volcanic body;volcanic gas reservoir;Songliao Basin2673|1100|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：In this paper，an analysis is made on the source rock features，source of hydrocarbons and gas pooling process in the Kelameili gas field of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang. Using techniques such as source rock analysis，hydrocarbonˉsource correlation and comprehensive analysis of hydrocarbon pooling，we describe the main source rocks of the Kelameili gas field and preliminarily determine the gas accumulation process and its main controlling factors. According to the study，it is believed that:1）the main source rock of the Kelameili gas field is the Carˉboniferous source rock;2）hydrocarbons mainly accumulate in reservoirs near the source rocks and the pooling process is characterized by“early accumulation and late preservation”;3）multiˉstages of charging happened in the Late Hercynian，Late Indonisian and MiddleYanshanian;4）hydrocarbon pooling in different areas has a temporal sequence. The main controlling factors for gas pooling in the Kelameili gas field are the distribution of Carboniferous source rocks and volcanic rocks as well as the regional seals in the Permian Urho Formation.关键词：volcanic rock;controlling factor;hydrocarbon pooling process;Kelameili gasfield;Junggar Basin1601|736|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：In Tao’erhe Depression，abnormally high pressure is generally developed and its evolution is inherently connected with hydrocarbon generation，migration and accumulation. The various periods of formation pressure evolution and the episodic hydrocarbon generation，migration and accumulation can be effectively determined by restoring paleo formation pressures and making a comparison among divisions of thermal evolution stages of organic matter. The flow patterns of formation fluids are identified in the different periods of pressure evolution. In Chezhen Sag，there were2processes of overpressure accumulation and release during the formation pressure evolution，with the microfractures formed during the early overpressure accumulation becoming the main pathway for primary hydrocarbon migration. The secondary pores and microfratures formed during the late overpressure accumulation can serve as the pathway for great secondary hydrocarbon migration and the space for hydrocarbon accumulation.关键词：abnormally high overpressure;paleoˉformation pressure;flow pattern;m igration;Tao’erhe Depression;Chenzhen Sag;Jiyang Depression2631|785|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：Based on the technique of 3D geological modeling and through analyzing the spatial distribution and mutual dessection of faults with interpreted seismic and drilling data,we have build a structural model for the lower unit of Paleogene Sha-3 Member in Block Wei-95,by which the structural features are recognized,including fault strike and spatial extension.The accuracy and reliability of basic data are crucial to 3D geological modeling,but Block Wei-95 is a typical complex fault-block reservoir,where the stratigraphic correlation is insignificant and the faults are difficult to be identified in many wells,resulting in a series of problems in basic geological studies.During this structural modeling,combining the special techniques of 3D modeling softwares with the basic geological study has played a significant role in several basic geological aspects such as the refined structure location and the refined stratigraphic correlation.Thus many problems that can not be solved by the conventional methods have been solved here,and the model precision has been guaranteed.关键词：structural modeling;complex fault block;fault model;Mazhai oilfield;Dongpu depression1849|465|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：The lithologies of volcanic reservoirs in a single well in the Changling gas field are recognized by means of thin section analysis,core observation and description,FMI analysis and conventional well log analysis based on BP neural networks and discriminant analysis method.Three volcanic bodies are identified through 3-D seismic analysis,and the velocity of volcanics is achieved by establishing seismic velocity inversion model.A three dimensional lithology model for volcanic reservoirs is constructed by integrating the sequential indicator simulation and the Co-kriging method,and on the basis,laying down a sound foundation for further exploration and development in the gas field.关键词：volcanic reservoir;lithology identification;imaging logging;velocity inversion;Changling gas field;lithology modeling1766|542|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：During the whole process of petroleum exploration and development,the prediction of sandbodies in any target area,especially those in wellblocks of horizontal wells,is always dependent upon an analysis of reservoir deposition systems.The well Zhou-57 produces from the Putaohua Formation,which was deposited within the transition zone from a large-scale delta front to lake in northern Songliao Basin.The formation features in thin single sand bodies with a thickness of less than 2 m.The spatial distribution of these sandbodies is controlled by the variation and evolution of deposition systems during different geological times.The distribution and strike of sandboies are strictly controlled by lake transgression and regression.Therefore,a fine description of these sandbodies requires firstly a detailed geological study and then a prediction of sandstone sublayers through seismic wave impedance inversion.The prediction results can be used as important reference factors to adjust the injection-production pattern and improve the recovery ratio during the later phase of development.关键词：horizontal well;wave impedance inversion;sublayer sandstone;recovery;Daqing oilfield;Songliao Basin2983|498|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：Sand lens and structuralˉlithologic reservoirs are the main types of lithologic reservoirs for growth of reserves and production in the Shengtuo area of the Dongying Depression. We conduct a physical simulation on its accumulation characteristics，and the results show that significant conditions which determine the forming of lithologic reservoirs are sufficient and effective gas sources，charging patterns，changes of physical properties of sand lens，and the relative positions of faults connecting reservoirs with source rocks to sand bodies. Among these conditions，faults connecting effective source rocks and reservoirs are critical to the forming of lithologic oil/gas reservoirs，and the changes of physical properties of sand bodies and the relative positions of faults to sand bodies are the main controlling factors of oil saturation. According to this study，the next exploration targets in this area should be the center of sand lens and the sand bodies in the upper wall of structuralˉlithologic oil/gas reservoirs.关键词：物理模拟;含油饱和度;砂岩透镜体;构造-岩性油气藏;胜坨地区;济阳坳陷2115|768|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：Under a fixed seismic frequency，wavelet side lobes may increase the difficulty of interpreting and recognizing thin sand bodies. To investigate the impacts of wavelet side lobe effects，we design a series of forward models and produce synthetic seismic profiles using zero phase Ricker wavelets of different frequencies. The purpose is to identify the relationship of sand body location and frequency with side lobe effects. This study also aims at exploring the relationship between amplitude attributes and the description of thin sand bodies. The results show that，an integrated use of multiˉfrequency profile and amplitude attributes can reliably interpret and describe thin sand bodies of braided river facies which are thicker than1/8wavelength.关键词：Ricker wavelet;amplitude attribute;side lobe of wavelet;side lobe effect;thin sand body3074|499|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：The conglomerate reservoirs inKaramay Oilfield have entered the development phase of high waterˉcut after forty years of water flooding. An accurate identification of waterˉflooded zones as well as a quantitative classification of wateringˉout level is the key and difficult issue to be considered in the adjustment of development strategy in this maturing oilfield. This paper documents a study that takes the conglomerate reservoirs in the Kexia Formation of the Liuzhong block as an example. It analyzes factors that affect the reservoir parameters by using the pressure coring data of three wells that were the focus of development adjustment in 2006 and by combining the actual geological characteristics of conglomerate reservoirs. It also selects logs that match well with the geoˉlogical characteristics and production pattern of the conglomerate reservoirs. Models for the interpretation of physical properties，lithology，water production rate，and water drive index of the Kexia Formation are established based on methods like cross plotting and multivariate linear regression. Three parameters，namely the water production rate，the oil saturation，and the water drive index，are chosen to be the main factors for aquantitative determination of wateringˉout level. Combining these factors with qualitative resistivityˉidentification chart for wateredˉout zones，the study offers rules and methods for qualitative identification of wateredˉout zones in this kind of reservoirs. The application of the method to the Kexia Formation yielded a coincidence rate of as high as 84.36%，well beyond the required accuracy. A set of technologies for quantitative identification of wateredˉout zones in conglomerate reservoirs is finally developed to improve the accuracy of wateredˉout zone identification.关键词：waterˉflooded characteristic parameter;water drive index;quantitative identification;wateredˉout zone;Kexia Formation in the Liuzhong block;conglomerate reservoir;Karamay oilfield3290|11683|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：The Darcy flow theory suitble to conventional sandstone gas reservoirs with a single medium can not be applied to volcanic gas reservoirs,because they are characterized by the dual media of matrix and fracture and the higher original water saturation,resulting in an impact of star-up pressure gradient on a percolation process.According to the theory of mass conservation,a mathematical model of two-phase(gas and water) flow in dual media was built under consideration of start-up pressure gradient,for which the finite difference approch was used to obtain numerical solution and a calculation program of numerical simulation was compiled.In combination with laboratory experiment results,the values of this model parameters are determined,and it is shown that the impact of start-up pressure gradient has to be considered when permeability is lower than 0.1×10-3 μm2 and irreducible water saturation is over 20%.The numerical simulation results of a single well in XS gas field are consistent with the actual situation,and several indices of production and development,such as production plateau time,gas output during production plateau,recovery degree of production plateau and final recovery efficiency,are lower when the impact of start-up pressure gradient is considered than not.It is obvious that the impact of start-up pressure gradient has to be considered during the production of volcanic gas reservoirs.关键词：dual media;start-up pressure gradient;numerical simulation;production and development index;volcanic gas reservoir3490|890|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：By employing Green，s function，the principle and pattern of biharmonic spline interpolation are studˉied，and the formulas of one tomultiple dimensional biharmonic spline interpolation are deduced.One feature of this algorithm is itsm inimal filter curvature.On a basis of applying the biharmonic spline interpolation，a converˉgence algorithm ofgrid node value is used to approximate the gridˉnode values to their surrounded values at logˉging structure data，and to make the separate logging structure data in every well impact and change adjacent seism ic structure data in a certain way，therefore resulting in an integration of logging and seism ic data. The effect of this biharmonic spline interpolation has been verified by its application in the typical complex reservoir in Yongˉ3faulted block，Shengli oilfield.The application results indicated that the structuralmaps proˉduced by thismethod on a basis of3D seism ic data with high precision can well avoid m istakes in the structural mapswith lower resolution produced by only using logging data，due to higher resolution of the formermaps.This method of biharmonic spline interpolation can effectively integrate seism ic data with logging data in predicting stratigraphicˉstructural surfaces，and elim inate the uncertainties resulter from using a single type of data，thus making the prediction more accurate and reliable.关键词：biharmonic spline interpolation;Green’s function;logging data;seism ic data;structural surface1685|1128|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：Fractures in lowˉpermeability reservoirs not only provide accumulation space and also act as seepage channels.However，present research on these fractures ismostly confined to qualitative descriptions.An accurate calculation of certain fracture parameters，such as openess，density，porosity and permeability，is of great imporˉtance in fracture quantitative descriptions and also a fundamental factor for the developmentofoil and gas fields.This paper documents a study that tries to construct a relationship between the ancient earth stress during the fracture form ing period and fracture parameters and that between the present earth stress and the parameters，determ ine the characters and directions of ancient earth stress through a structure analysis，and calculate the direction and strength of the present earth stress by using suchmeans as sonic velocity，hydrofrcturing，and sound em ission.The results are introduced into the fracture parameter calculatingmodel to simulate and calculate the openess，density，porosity and permeability of the fractures in the3 rd sand set of the Paleogene Fuˉ2member in the Qiaohekou oilfield.It is concluded that fractures are highly developed in the structural high near the main fault and the differences in fracture permeability reflect the differences of their directions.Core statistics and log interpretation verify the correctness of the stimulation results of the model.关键词：地应力;裂缝孔隙度;裂缝渗透率;有限元分析;桥河口油田;苏北盆地2103|886|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：By using the core analysis data before polymer injection and after polymer breakthough from two wells in the polymer-injection area of Block 1,the central Gudao,the change patterns of reservoir parameters after a long-term polymer drive are compared and discussed.It is suggested that the long-term polymer drive has resulted in enlarging some small pore throats,improving the communication among pores and reducing pore tortuosity in the reservoirs.For the microscopic parameters of the reservoirs,the maximum,average,and normal pore-throat radiuses increased,the expulsion pressure,the mercury 50% saturation pressure and the variation coefficient decreased,and the mean coefficient rised.For the macroscopic reservoir parameters,the permeability was enhanced,and the porosity variation was within the range of allowable error.关键词：petrophysical parameter;polymer drive;pore texture;permeability;Block1 in the central Gudao;Jiyang Depression2781|730|0更新时间：2023-05-30
- 摘要：Oil with high freezing point is different in flowing properties at different temperatures,resulting in a series of difficulties in waterflood development of oilfields.To solve the problem,with experimental results and an integration of geological modeling and reservoir numerical simulation,we analyze the temperature field distribution in the reservoir at different surface temperatures of injected water.It is found that 60℃ is an important critical temperature.Over 60℃,the crude oil is a Newtonian fluid,with no wax crystallization and lower viscosity.The study results also show that the surface temperature of injected water at 80℃ is the best in waterflood development effects.Furthermore,the temperature field distribution among wells and its prediction were also analyzed,which provided guidance for the plan optimization of high freezing-point reservoirs in improving development and enhancing oil recovery.关键词：freezing point;numerical simulation;temperature field;oil with high freezing point;Liaohe oilfield1775|528|0更新时间：2023-05-30
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