References
- 1.YAN Xueqi, TAN Xianfeng, YU Ping, et al.Genesis of heterogeneity in deep shale gas reservoirs of Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation, Dazu block, western Chongqing[J].Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026, 16(3): 529-543.
- 2.WU Yijia, WANG Ying, LI Jing.Sedimentary characteristics and main reservoir control factors of deep shale in the Sichuan Basin: A case study on the Longmaxi Formation in the eastern Weiyuan area[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(5): 55-65.
- 3.ZHANG Chenglin, ZHAO Shengxian, ZHANG Jian, et al.Analysis and enlightenment of the difference of enrichment conditions for deep shale gas in southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2021, 32(2): 248-261.
- 4.LI Yanran, HU Zhiming, LIU Xiangui, et al.The pore structure characteristics of deep shale in Longmaxi Formation of Luzhou area[J].Fault-Block Oil & Gas Field, 2022, 29(5): 584-590.
- 5.YAO Hongsheng, ZHANG Peixian, HE Xipeng, et al.Classification and exploration practices of shale gas reservoirs in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(6): 1807-1822.
- 6.HAN Yu, CAO Yingchang, LIANG Chao, et al.Sedimentary environment evolution of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation and its control on shale deposition in the southern Sichuan Basin[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2024, 48(2): 11-23.
- 7.SUN Chuanxiang, ZHANG Ke, NIE Haikuan, et al.Comparative analysis of deep and ultra-deep shale reservoirs in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, eastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(6): 1907-1926.
- 8.Javadpour F, Fisher D, Unsworth M.Nanoscale gas flow in shale gas sediments[J].Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology, 2007, 46(10): 55-61.
- 9.WEI Limin, WANG Yan, ZHANG Tiancao, et al.Main control factors of enrichment and high production of shale gas: A case study of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in Southern Sichuan[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2020, 27(6): 700-704.
- 10.CAI Zhenjia, LEI Yuhong, LUO Xiaorong, et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of organic pores in the 7th member of Yanchang Formation shale in the southeastern Ordos Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 367-379.
- 11.MANDELBROT B B.Les objets fractals: Forme, hasard et dimension[M].Paris: Flammarion, 1975.
- 12.MANDELBROT B B.The fractal geometry of nature[M].San Francisco: W.H.Freeman, 1983: 468.
- 13.MANDELBROT B B, PASSOJA D E, PAULLAY A J.Fractal character of fracture surfaces of metals[J].Nature, 1984, 308(5961): 721-722.
- 14.JARONIEC M.Evaluation of the fractal dimension from a single adsorption isotherm[J].Langmuir, 1995, 11(6): 2316-2317.
- 15.CAI Yidong, LIU Damen, PAN Zhejun, et al.Pore structure and its impact on CH4 adsorption capacity and flow capability of bituminous and subbituminous coals from Northeast China[J].Fuel, 2013, 103: 258-268.
- 16.WANG Xinin, HOU Jiagen, LI Shaohua, et al.Insight into the nanoscale pore structure of organic-rich shales in the Bakken Formation, USA[J].Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 191: 107182.
- 17.YAO Yanbin, LIU Dameng, TANG Dazhen, et al.Fractal characterization of adsorption-pores of coals from North China: An investigation on CH4 adsorption capacity of coals[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 2008, 73(1): 27-42.
- 18.AVNIR D, JARONIEC M.An isotherm equation for adsorption on fractal surfaces of heterogeneous porous materials[J].Langmuir, 1989, 5(6): 1431-1433.
- 19.QI Hao, MA JIAN, WONG P Z.Adsorption isotherms of fractal surfaces[J].Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2002, 206(1/3): 401-407.
- 20.YANG Rui, HE Sheng, YI Jizheng, et al.Nano-scale pore structure and fractal dimension of organic-rich Wufeng-Longmaxi shale from Jiaoshiba area, Sichuan Basin: Investigations using FE-SEM, gas adsorption and helium pycnometry[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016, 70: 27-45.
- 21.MISHRA D K, SAMAD S K, VARMA A K, et al.Pore geometrical complexity and fractal facets of Permian shales and coals from Auranga Basin, Jharkhand, India[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 52: 25-43.
- 22.LI Zhiqing, SHEN Xin, QI Zhiyu, et al.Study on the pore structure and fractal characteristics of marine and continental shale based on mercury porosimetry, N2 adsorption and NMR methods[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2018, 53: 12-21.
- 23.PFEIFER P, AVNIR D.Chemistry in noninteger dimensions between two and three.I.Fractal theory of heterogeneous surfaces[J].The Journal of Chemical Physics, 1983, 79(7): 3558-3565.
- 24.LIU Xiangjun, XIONG Jian, LIANG Lixi.Investigation of pore structure and fractal characteristics of organic-rich Yanchang Formation shale in central China by nitrogen adsorption/desorption analysis[J].Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering, 2015, 22: 62-72.
- 25.MANDELBROT B B.Fractals: Form, chance, and dimension[M].San Francisco: W.H.Freeman, 1977: 1-10.
- 26.SUN Lei, GAO Yuqiong, PAN Yi, et al.Surface fractal characteristics and their influence on shale nanopores[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition), 2017, 39(6): 85-91.
- 27.YANG Feng, NING Zhengfu, WANG Qing, et al.Fractal characteristics of nanopore in shales[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2014, 25(4): 618-623.
- 28.GUO Anlin, CHENG Shunyou, ZHANG Chaofeng, et al.Multi-phased fold structures and tectonic background analysis in southwest Sichuan Province[J].Journal of Northwest University (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 39(3): 484-489.
- 29.GUAN Quanzhong, DONG Dazhong, SUN Shasha, et al.Fractal characteristics of organic-rich shale pore structure and its geological implications: A case study of the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Weiyuan Block, Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2024, 44(3): 108-118.
- 30.YANG Shaohang, LUO Liang, MA Shijie, et al. Structural Deformation and Shale Gas Preservation Condition in the Changning Area of the South Sichuan Basin[J]. Geoscience, 2024, 38(6): 1458-1472.
- 31.CHANDRA D, VISHAL V, BAHADUR J, et al.A novel approach to identify accessible and inaccessible pores in gas shales using combined low-pressure sorption and SAXS/SANS analysis[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 2020, 228: 103556.
- 32.WANG Xinpei, LIU Chenglin, JIANG Liwei, et al.Pore microstructure and its controlling effects on gas content of deep shale reservoirs in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, Da’an area, western Chongqing[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(1): 230-245.
- 33.ZHANG Jinxu, WANG Youzhi, CHEN Xuqiang, et al.Geological characteristics of shale reservoirs and exploration potential of shale oil and gas in Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation of northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2025, 44(2): 38-49.
- 34.FENG Guangjun, ZHENG Sijian, ZHU Yanming, et al. Study on the Pore Haterogeneity and Its Influencing Factors in Low-rank Coal Based on the Multifractional Theory[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(5): 1332-1348.
- 35.LI Juhao, HE Jinxian, YANG Zhaobiao, et al.Characteristics and controlling factors of pore structure in coal-measure shale reservoirs: Taking Longtan Formation in western Guizhou as an example[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2025, 46(5): 521-530.
- 36.ZHANG Bao, LIU Li, ZENG Aiwei, et al.Enhanced understanding of carbonate-rich shale heterogeneity through multifractal characterization based on N2 adsorption data: A case study of the Permian Wujiaping Formation in the Sichuan Basin[J].Energy Geoscience, 2025, 6(3): 100426.
- 37.FAN Liyong, CHEN Yue, WANG Huaichang, et al. Combined Multi-Scale Characterization and Multifractal Characteristics of Deep Coal Reservoir Pores in the Central-Eastern Ordos Basin [J]. Geoscience, 2026, 40(1): 113-127.
- 38.XI Zhaodong, TANG Shuheng, LI Jun, et al.Investigation of pore structure and fractal characteristics of marine-continental transitional shale in the east-central of Qinshui Basin[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(3): 366-376.
- 39.CHEN Hongan, FU Lanqing.Impact of pore structure on imbibition characteristics in Qingshankou Formation shale oil reservoirs, Songliao Basin[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2025, 32(3): 94-103.
- 40.WANG Yang, LIU Luofu, CHENG Hongfei.Gas adsorption characterization of pore structure of organic-rich shale: Insights into contribution of organic matter to shale pore network[J].Natural Resources Research, 2021, 30(3): 2377-2395.
- 41.LIU Jun, YAO Yanbin, LIU Dameng, et al.Experimental evaluation of CO2 enhanced recovery of adsorbed-gas from shale[J].International Journal of Coal Geology, 2017, 179: 211-218.
- 42.LI Ang, DING Wenlong, HE Jianhua, et al.Investigation of pore structure and fractal characteristics of organic-rich shale reservoirs: A case study of Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi formation in Malong block of eastern Yunnan Province, South China[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016, 70: 46-57.
- 43.BUSECK P R, BEYSSAC O.From organic matter to graphite: Graphitization[J].Elements, 2014, 10(6): 421-426.
- 44.KELEMEN S R, FANG H L.Maturity trends in Raman spectra from kerogen and coal[J].Energy & Fuels, 2001, 15(3): 653-658.
- 45.WANG Yuman, LI Xinjing, WANG Hao, et al.Prediction of organic matter carbonization zones for Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in Middle-Upper Yangtze region[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2020, 31(2): 151-162.
- 46.LIU Jing.The evolution mechanism of micrographitization of organic matter in over-mature marine shale and its constraints on shale gas occurrence[D].Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2024.
- 47.GAO Jian, ZHU Hongjian, LI Shuangjian, et al.Organic geochemistry and organic carbon structure of gas-producing Longmaxi shales in Sichuan Basin[J].ACS Omega, 2025, 10(31): 35196-35206.
- 48.XU Liang, WU Wei, YIN Yingzi, et al.Organic matter evolution and pore structure response of overmature marine shales: Evidence from pyrolysis experiments[J].Natural Gas Geoscience, 2025, 36(1): 42-56.
- 49.MIAO Huan, JIANG Zhenxue, GONG Xun, et al.Pore structure and fractal characteristics of deep to ultra-deep shale in the Qiongzhusi Formation, central Sichuan area[J].Geoscience, 2025, 39(5): 1305-1315.
- 50.MEI Junfang, LIANG Chao, CAO Yingchang, et al.Types, genesis and significance of quartz in shales[J].Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2024, 26(2): 487-501.
- 51.DONG Lipeng, NIE Qinghao, SUN Xiaokun, et al.Analysis of impact of shield tunneling parameters on ground settlement based on Pearson correlation coefficient method[J].Construction Technology, 2024, 53(1): 116-123.
- 52.WANG Daxing, ZENG Zhiping, HU Haiyan, et al.Fractal characteristics of pore structure of deep continental shale of Lower Wuerhe Formation in central Junggar Basin and its geological significance[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2024, 31(1): 23-35.
- 53.LI Qi, CHEN Ruiqian, SHANG Fei, et al.Pore structure and fractal characteristics of shale reservoirs in Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2025, 47(2): 323-335.
- 54.WANG Weiqing, WANG Xuejun, LI Zheng, et al.Reservoir space and fractal characteristics of low-maturity shale in Dongying Sag: A case study of Upper Submember of Fourth Member in Eocene Shahejie Formation in Minfeng area[J].Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2025, 32(2): 14-24.
- 55.JI Liming, QIU Junli, XIA Yanqing, et al.Micro-pore characteristics and methane adsorption properties of common clay minerals by electron microscope scanning[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(2): 249-256.
- 56.YAO Rui, LI Yugang, TANG Chunyan, et al. Pore Structure and Formation Mechanisms of the Paleogene High-Quality Hybrid Shale Oil Reservoirs in the Liaohe Depression[J]. Geoscience, 2025, 39(6): 1633-1647.
- 57.CAO Jiangjun, CHEN Chaobing, LUO Jinglan, et al.Impact of authigenic clay minerals on micro-heterogeneity of deep water tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of Triassic Chang 6 oil reservoir in Heshui area, southwestern Ordos Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2020, 32(6): 36-49.
- 58.ZHANG Qingqing, PENG Jun, JIANG Feihu, et al.Reservoir characteristics and their controlling factors of the third Member of Xujiahe Formation shale in Tongnanba area, Northeast Sichuan[J].Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2025, 32(5): 754-763.
- 59.LU Jiankang, LIU Guoping, ZENG Lianbo, et al. Reservoir Space System and Characteristics of the Paleogene Lacustrine Shale in the Subei Basin[J]. Geoscience, 1-21[2026-08-22].
- 60.HE Chencheng, ZHAO Yongqiang, YU Lingjie, et al.Pore structure and fractal characteristics of deep shale gas reservoirs in the Permian Dalong Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2024, 46(2): 263-277.
- 61.TANG Hongming, LIU Xian, CHEN Yang, et al.Pore structure difference of shale in different structural units and its petroleum geological implications: A case study on deep shale in the Luzhou area, southern Sichuan Basin[J].Natural Gas Industry, 2024, 44(5): 16-28.
- 62.WANG Wei, LIU Zhujiang, WEI Fubin, et al.Characteristics and determinants of shale reservoir development in the Permian Dalong Formation, northeastern Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(5): 1355-1367.


