Keeping in m ind the principle summarized as“prototype basin controls the source，tectonic deformation controls the pooling”，the article mainly discusses the tectonic evolution of the Paleozoic from prototype basin to deformation aswell as its controlling effectupon the distribution of the Paleozoic source rocks and the hydrocarbon evolution in North China.It indicates that the evolution of the Paleozoic basinswasmainly controlled by the transition of ocean-continent tectonic system at the edge of North China plate and basins were formed mainly in the marginal area of the craton.The prototype basins developed along themargin of craton in the Early Paleozoic were passive continentalmargin，active continentalmargin and collisional continentalmargin successively.The Cambrian and Ordovician source rockswere developed in passive continentalmargin basins，aulacogen and intraplatform depressions under extensional mechanism.The Permo-Carboniferous basins in the Late Paleozoic were mainly controlled by the extension of theNorth China continentalmargin and transgression ofdifˉferent directions in different periods，form ing coal stratum and source rockswhich were different in the east and west ofNorth China.TheMeso-Cenozoic basinswere concentrated inside the craton andwent through four important tectonic evolution stages，presenting a pattern featured by a W-E zonation and S-N blocking partition.Many kinds of prototype basinswere formed and then stacked or juxtaposed under different tectonic backgrounds such as compression，extension strike-slip and subsidence，transform ing the Paleozoic basins into block uplifts or depressions.Due to a differential superimposition of the Meso-Cenozoic basins，the Paleozoic strata went through two different hydrocarbon generation processes，one is a continuous hydrocarbon generation and the other is secondary hydrocarbon generation during theYanshanian and H imalayan inNorth China.Located in areas favorable for secondary hydrocarbon generation of the Upper Paleozoic source rocks，the Jiyang sag，the east of the Linqing sag in BohaiBay Basin and them iddle and eastof the Zhoukou sag in the southernNorth China are considered good exploration targets for hydrocarbon accumulations.