收稿：2020-05-06，
纸质出版：2020-10-28
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中国已发现厚度小于6 m、原油粘度大于50 000 mPa·s的薄储层超稠油低品位储量7×10
8
t，是重要的战略储备资源。由于原油粘度高、薄储层散热快、热利用效率低，传统注蒸汽热采技术产量低，难以经济有效动用，亟待突破形成新型稠油热采配套技术。经过多年的研究与实践，创建了稠油热化学复合采油方法：研发了超稠油专用降粘剂，阐明了“汽剂耦合降粘、氮气保温增能、热剂接替助驱”热化学复合采油机理，自主研发了热化学复合采油数值模拟软件，建立了注采工艺参数优化图版。攻关形成了水平井裸眼筛管防砂完井工艺及配套工具、热采水平泵注采一体化工艺、稠油热采采出水余热梯级利用和资源化回用方法等薄储层超稠油高效开发关键技术，在新疆准噶尔盆地春风油田建成了年产百万吨薄储层超稠油生产基地，连续5年稳产100×10
4
t以上。形成的稠油热采升级换代技术，可大幅度提高石油资源利用率和老油田采收率，对保障国内原油稳产上产具有重要意义。
China has approximately 700 million tons of extra-heavy crude with a viscosity higher than 50 000 mPa·s in reservoirs thinner than 6 meters.Though low-grade
the reserves are of strategic significance.The extra-heavy crude reservoirs respond badly to conventional steam injection thermal recovery methods due to fast heat dissipation and low heat utilization efficiency.More suitable recovery technologies are badly needed to deal with the problem.After years of research and practice
hybrid thermal chemical recovery technologies were developed together with viscosity reducers tailor-made for super heavy oil.Recovery mechanisms of "viscocity reduction by steam and chemicals
formation energy enhancement and insulation by nitrogen
and swept efficiency improvement by chemicals" during the recovery processes were explored and expounded.Other achievements include the independently-developed thermal chemical numerical simulation software
optimization chart for injection and production parameters
open hole completion technologies and sand prevention tools with screen pipes for horizontal wells
integrated processes of injection and production with horizontal pump during thermal recovery
residual heat gradient utilization and of produced water recycling.The Chunfeng extra-heavy oilfield established in the Junggar Basin of Xinjiang now has an annual productivity of more than one million tons of crude and has annually produced more than 100×10
4
tons for five years in a row.The newly developed technologies for extra-heavy oil extraction can be applied to enhance oil utilization and recovery of brown oilfields
thus of great significance to ensuring a stable or even high domestic oil production.
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