收稿：2018-09-17，
纸质出版：2020-12-28
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页岩热模拟演化过程中，液态烃含量及赋存状态的变化是深入研究页岩孔隙演化和储层表征的重要内容。对川西北广元上寺剖面低成熟大隆组页岩进行半封闭体系热模拟实验，并对原岩及热模拟样品进行氩离子抛光扫描电镜观察、热模拟样品及其萃取液态烃后的样品开展低温氮气吸附实验。结果表明，低成熟大隆组页岩中有机孔不发育，随着热模拟温度的增加，有机孔开始发育、数量增多、孔径变大，比表面积和微孔体积显著增加且与热模拟温度具有较好的线性正相关性，但中、大孔体积随热模拟温度增加并未表现出明显的变化规律；
TOC
减少量与比表面积和孔隙体积之间具有较好的正相关性，说明有机质转化为油气过程中微孔数量显著增加。扫描电镜揭示液态烃主要赋存在页岩的晶间孔及已生成的有机孔内；随着热模拟温度增加，液态烃呈现先显著增加后急剧降低的现象，在热模拟温度为325℃和340℃时，液态烃具有最高含量，在热模拟温度450℃以后，液态烃的含量可忽略不计。萃取液态烃后，样品的氮气吸附能力普遍增强；热模拟样品的孔隙呈单峰型分布，孔峰分布在14.
36~23.56 nm，而萃取样品的孔峰向更小的孔隙移动，分布在12.05~22 nm。萃取后样品的比表面积、微孔和中孔体积比热模拟样品显著增加，且比表面积和微孔体积与热模拟温度之间的相关性变好，反映了液态烃主要赋存在泥页岩的微孔及部分中孔内。
In the process of thermal simulation
the changes of liquid hydrocarbon content and occurrence mode are important to the in-depth study of pore evolution and shale reservoir characterization.A thermal simulation experiment of semi-closed system was conducted on the low mature Dalong Formation shale from Shangsi section
Guangyuan area
Northwestern Sichuan Basin.The original shales and thermally simulated samples were subjected to argon ion milling-scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation.The simulated samples and their extracted samples to low temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment.The results show that organic pores are not well developed in the original Dalong Formation shale.With the increase of temperature in thermal simulation
organic pores begin to develop with increasing number and pore size.In addition
the specific surface area and pore volume also increase accordingly
and they are in a good linear positive correlation with the temperature in thermal simulation.However
there is no significant change in the mesopore and macropore volumes with the temperature increase.On the other hand
a positive correlation is suggested between
TOC
consumption and specific surface area
pore volume
indicating a significant increase of the number of micro-pores during the transformation from organic matter to hydrocarbon.The SEM observation revealed that liquid hydrocarbon mainly exists within shale inter-crystalline pores and organic pores
and its content is started with a quick leap but is followed by a sharp drop with temperature increase
reaching a peak at a thermal simulation temperature of 325 ℃ to 340 ℃
but almost drop to zero at a temperature of 450 ℃ or higher.After liquid hydrocarbon extracting
nitrogen adsorption capacity of the samples is generally enhanced.The sa
mples' pore size distribution is single peaked with a peak within a pore size range of 14.36-23.56 nm
while for the liquid hydrocarbon extracted samples their peak pore size distribution moves to smaller pores of 12.06-22 nm.The specific surface area
micro-pore and mesopore volumes of the extracted samples increase significantly compared to those of the original samples in thermal simulation.The correlation between thermal simulation temperature and specific surface area
micropore volume becomes better for extracted samples
reflecting that the liquid hydrocarbon mainly exists in shale micro-pores and some mesopores.
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