收稿：2020-04-10，
纸质出版：2021-04-28
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塔里木盆地中部深层、超深层是目前油气勘探的重要领域。随着油气勘探向超深层推进，早期建立的对波组特征及其地质意义的认识已经不能满足需要，迫切需要进行系统性的重新认识。基于最新的超深井实钻资料和高精度三维地震资料，通过合成地震记录井-震标定及连井地震大剖面追踪解释，对深层、超深层地震反射波组进行了准确标定，明确其地层含义并厘定了关键标志层。同时重点对中寒武统含膏岩系盖层、中、下寒武统生-储-盖组合及顺托果勒地区“串珠”反射等关乎超深层油气勘探的重点问题展开了进一步探讨，表明：①盆地中部以下古生界为主的深层、超深层整体上具有“六强、七弱、三中等、一杂乱”的地震反射波组特征，与地层岩性、地层速度的纵向分层特征一致。②中寒武统膏盐岩增强了地层波速的垂向非均一性，膏盐岩含量越高，地震反射波组振幅越强。中寒武统膏盐岩含量存在区域分布差异：塔中膏盐岩含量最高；轮南低凸起轮探1井区不发育纯膏盐岩；顺托果勒及顺南地区，中寒武统膏岩盐主要发在育沙依里克组，以强振幅反射波组和“云雾状”反射波组的局部增厚、褶皱变形或断层错断处显著减薄等现象为识别标志。③中、下寒武统生-储-盖组合广泛分布于塔北南斜坡、顺托果勒低隆及顺南地区，塔中局部地区烃源岩和储层条件较差。④在顺托果勒地区存在3种类型的“串珠”反射。
The deep and ultra-deep layers of central Tarim Basin are currently important targets for hydrocarbon exploration in the area.The understanding of seismic traits of shallower strata and their geological implications established decades ago can no longer meet the needs of the present time.To deal with the problem
the characteristics and stratigraphic significances of seismic reflections of deep and ultra-deep layers were accurately calibrated and analyzed through synthetic seismogram
seismic-well tie calibration
and well-tie cross-section interpretation in line with the latest drilling data of ultra-high and high-precision 3D seismic data
from which mark layers were identified.The focus was on the exploration issues concerning the Middle Cambrian gypsum-bearing caprocks
the Middle-Lower Cambrian source rock-reservoir-caprock combinations
and the "bead-like" reflections in the Shuntuoguole area.The results show that: 1) The Paleozoic deep and ultra-deep layers dominating the basin downward from the middle can be summarized as six layers with strong reflection
seven layers with weak reflection
three layers with normal reflection
and one layer with confusing reflection
which are in consistency with the vertical stratification features of stratigraphic lithology and velocity of the layers.2) The existence of the Middle Cambrian gypsum-bearing rocks results in higher vertical heterogeneity of wave velocity.More gypsum means higher amplitude of seismic reflections.The Tazhong area has most of the rock while areas around Well Luntan1 contain the least or no such rock at all.As for the Shuntuoguole and Shunnan areas
the rock mainly exists in the Shayilike Formation featuring high-amplitude or cloud-like reflections with parts thickening
folding or remarkably thinning along dislocated faults.3) The Middle-Lower Cambrian source rock-reservoir-caprock combinations are distributed in the south slope of Tabei
the Shuntuoguole Lower Uplift and the Shunnan area.However
the source rock and reservoir quality are comparatively poorer in some parts of Tazhong Uplift.4) Three types of "bead-like" reflections occur in the Shuntuoguole area.
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