收稿：2019-06-25，
纸质出版：2021-06-28
移动端阅览
为表征缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏古岩溶储集体成因类型多样、储层结构复杂的特点，综合考虑主控因素和成因关系将古岩溶划分为表层岩溶、断控岩溶和地下河系统3类。表层岩溶主要受风化淋滤作用形成，分布范围广，结构类型以小型溶洞、溶蚀孔、裂缝等小缝洞体为主；断控岩溶主要沿断裂带溶蚀扩大形成，结构类型以复杂断裂、大型断控溶洞、溶蚀孔缝为主；地下河系统主要受控于潜水面，经长期水流冲刷溶蚀形成，规模大，结构类型以岩溶管道、厅堂洞及沿河的溶蚀孔缝为主。针对不同成因岩溶分布规律特征，采用地震振幅谱梯度属性结合序贯指示模拟表征表层岩溶分布，基于波阻抗反演结合梯度结构张量刻画断控岩溶特征，利用分频能量属性结合基于目标的方法构建地下河系统模型，综合测井、地质、动态等多学科资料表征古岩溶连通、充填及物性特征，并通过融合建立三维地质模型。结果表明：该方法能够有效表征此类油藏储层缝洞结构复杂、非均质性强的特点。塔河油田S67单元结构类型及连通样式多样，表层岩溶缝洞体尺度较小，局部连片近似层状分布，厚度在0~50 m，物性及连通性较好；断控岩溶缝洞体尺度较大，沿断裂带呈多种分布样式，物性差异大，顺断裂方向连通性好；地下河系统较为发育，存在上、下2层河道，充填严重，物性及连通性较差。基于融合模型落实并细化了单元储量构成，模型应用于油藏数值模拟及开发方案调整效果显著。
For the purposes of precisely delineating the characteristics of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs marked by diverse genetic types and complicated internal structure
the paleo-karst is subdivided into three types in terms of their major control factors and origins
namely the epi-karst
fault-controlled karst and underground river system.Formed by weathering and leaching
the epi-karst has a wide range of distribution with a reservoir architecture composed of small seam-cavern bodies
predominantly small karst caves as well as dissolved pores and fractures.Fault-controlled karst dominated by complex faults and fractures
large fault controlled karst caves
dissolved pores and dissolved fractures
are formed by dissolution enlargement mainly along the fault zone.The large pipe system of the underground paleo-rivers mainly dominated by the fluctuation of water table
came into being by long-term current corrosion
and its reservoir architecture mainly makes up of karst pipes
chambers
and dissolved fractures and vugs along the pipe.In the light of distinct characteristics of karst in origin
amplitude spectrum gradient seismic attributes combined with sequential indication simulation were applied to characterize the epi-karst distribution.Features of fault-controlled karst were depicted based on impedance inversion and gradient structure tensor attributes.The model of ancient underground river was constructed by means of frequency-division attributes and object-based simulation method.Consequently
logging
geologic and dynamic data were integrated to delineate the connectivity
filling and physical properties of the paleo-karst; in addition
a 3D model was constructed by a fusion of the above-mentioned karst types.The results show that this method can effectively characterize the complex internal structure and strong heterogeneity of such reservoirs.Unit S67 comes in quite complicated reservoir architectures and various connectivity styles.The epi-karst reservoir bodies are quite small in scale and locally connected almost in laminar distribution
with a thickness ranging from 0 to 50 m
better in physical property and connectivity.The fault-controlled karst reservoirs are large in scale in various distribution patterns along fault zones
with great discrepancy in physical property and good connectivity following the fault direction.The pipe system mainly developed in paleo-subterranean river
is marked by two layers of river course
with heavy filling
poor physical property and connectivity.Based on the fusion model
the unit reserve constitution was refined and ascertained.The model was applied to reservoir numerical simulation and development plan adjustment with remarkable effect.
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