收稿：2020-10-19，
纸质出版：2021-08-28
移动端阅览
尽管四川盆地川西坳陷上三叠统须家河组砂岩是非常致密的气藏，但是其中一些储层天然裂缝发育，尤其是须二段的优质储层，垂直裂缝或高角度裂缝发育。这导致了岩层和水平主应力的各向异性。对于这类储层如果采用常规的各向同性地应力评价方法，则会高估岩层的实际水平主应力。根据钻井中的溢流、井涌和测试压裂，以及井壁崩落等数据研究了这类储层地应力的新的评价方法，得到了新场气田和合兴场气田的地层压力与地应力实测结果。这些结果表明岩层的天然裂缝对地应力有较大的影响。采用各向异性理论建立了须家河组储层地应力的VTI和HTI模型。含天然裂缝储层的实测数据表明，随着裂缝密度、裂缝倾角和裂缝指示因子的增大，水平主应力和破裂压力减小，这与HTI模型相吻合。结合各向异性模型与天然裂缝、水平主应力和破裂压力的实测数据，得出了适合于须家河组储层特点的地应力预测公式及其对压裂影响的评价方法。
The Triassic Xujiahe Formation sandstones in the western Sichuan Depression are tight gas reservoirs
some of which contain natural fractures
particularly for the gas-rich reservoir in the 2nd member of the Xujiahe Formation (hereafter referred to as Xu 2 Member) with well-developed vertical or high dip angle fractures. Anisotropies of both rocks and horizontal principal stresses are thereby resulted. To calculate in-situ stresses in the naturally fractured formations using conventional methods obtained in the isotropic formation may overestimate the horizontal principal stress. New assessment methods of in-situ stresses in the anisotropic formations are studied in this paper. The in-situ stressess and formation pressures in the Xinchang and Hexinchang gas fields are obtained based on measured data from wellbore influxes
kicks
mini-frac tests and wellbore breakouts.The measured results indicate that natural fractures have a great impact on the in-situ stresses. The theory of anisotropy is applied to establish the in-situ stress models of VTI and HTI for the Xujiahe Formation reservoirs. The measured data in the formations with natural fractures reveal that the horizontal principal stress and formation breakdown pressure decrease as the natural fracture density
dip angle and intensity index increase. This is consistent to the derived HTI model. The assessment methods for in-situ stresses and their impact on hydraulic fracturing are proposed for the Xujiahe Formation reservoirs based on the anisotropic model and the measured data of natural fractures
horizontal stresses and breakdown pressures.
Fan X, Huang Z, Liu Z, et al. Complex stress state evaluation and its influence in the hydraulic fracture geometry of the upper Triassic Xujiahe tight formation in the western Sichuan Basin of China[C]. Unconventional Resources Technology Conference(online), Denver, USA, 2020: URTEC-2020-2620-MS.
唐自成 , 钟大康 , 王威 , 等 . 川东北元坝地区须家河组三段钙屑砂岩孔隙类型及地质意义 [J ] . 石油与天然气地质 , 2019 , 40 ( 5 ): 1115 - 1125 . http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20190517 http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20190517
Tang Zicheng , Zhong Dakang , Wang Wei , et al . Pore types and geological significance of calcarenaceous sandstones in the 3rd member of Xujiahe Formation in Yuanba area, Northeastern Sichuan Basin [J ] . Oil & Gas Geology , 2019 , 40 ( 5 ): 1115 - 1125 . http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20190517 http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20190517
王玮 , 沈忠民 , 裴森奇 , 等 . 致密砂岩气藏油气轻烃特征及其地质意义: 以四川盆地西北部须家河组气藏为例 [J ] . 石油实验地质 , 2018 , 40 ( 6 ): 818 - 827 . https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD201806011.htm https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD201806011.htm
Wang Wei , Shen Zhongmin , Pei Senqi , et al . Light hydrocarbon chara cteristics of petroleum in a tight sandstone gas reservoir and its geological significance: A case study of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation gas reservoir in the northwestern Sichuan Basin [J ] . Petroleum Geology & Experiment , 2018 , 40 ( 6 ): 818 - 827 . https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD201806011.htm https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYSD201806011.htm
杜红权 , 王威 , 时志强 , 等 . 四川盆地东北部马路背地区上三叠统须家河组天然气地球化学特征及气源 [J ] . 石油与天然气地质 , 2019 , 40 ( 1 ): 34 - 40 . http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20190104 http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20190104
Du Hongquan , Wang Wei , Shi zhiqiang , et al . Geochemical characteri-stics and source of natural gas of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Malubei area, northeastern Sichuan Basin [J ] . Oil & Gas Geology , 2019 , 40 ( 1 ): 34 - 40 . http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20190104 http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20190104
Hubbert M K , Willis D G . Mechanics of hydraulic fracturing [J ] . Petroleum Transactions , 1957 , 210 ( 1 ): 153 - 168 .
张金才 , 亓原昌 . 地应力对页岩储层开发的影响与对策 [J ] . 石油与天然气地质 , 2020 , 41 ( 4 ): 776 - 783 . http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20200411 http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20200411
Zhang Jincai , Qi Yuanchang . Impact of in-situ stresses on shale reservoir development and its countermeasures [J ] . Oil & Gas Geology , 2020 , 41 ( 4 ): 776 - 783 . http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20200411 http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20200411
李留伟 , 吴建军 , 龙学 , 等 . 川西新场构造地应力分布规律研究及其应用 [J ] . 天然气工业 , 2008 , 28 ( 9 ): 80 - 82 . https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG200809030.htm https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG200809030.htm
Li Liuwei , Wu Jianjun , Long Xue , et al . Research on the distribution laws of tectonic in-situ stress in Xinchang Structure (west Sichuan Basin) and their applications [J ] . Natural Gas Industry , 2008 , 28 ( 9 ): 80 - 82 . https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG200809030.htm https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TRQG200809030.htm
谢润成. 川西坳陷须家河组探井地应力解释与井壁稳定性评价[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2009.
Xie Yuncheng. Stress interpretation and wellbore stability evaluation of Xujiahe Formation of exploration wells in western Sichuan Depression[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Science and Technology, 2009.
张守仁 , 万天丰 , 陈建平 . 川西坳陷孝泉-新场地区须家河组二-四段构造应力场模拟及裂缝发育区带预测 [J ] . 石油与天然气地质 , 2004 , 25 ( 1 ): 70 - 74, 80 . http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20040113 http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20040113
Zhang Shouren , Wang Tianfeng , Chen Jianping . Tectonic stress field modeling and fracture prediction in T 3 X 2-4 strata in Xiaoquan-Xingchang area, western Sichuan Depression [J ] . Oil & Gas Geology , 2004 , 25 ( 1 ): 70 - 74, 80 . http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20040113 http://ogg.pepris.com/CN/10.11743/ogg20040113
Kang H, Zhang J C, Fan X, et al. Cyclic injection to enhance hydraulic fracturing efficiency: Insights from laboratory experiments[J]. Geofluids, 2020, ID 8844293.
Daines S R . Prediction of fracture pressures for wildcat wells [J ] . Journal of Petroleum Technology , 34 ( 4 ): 863 - 872 . DOI: 10.2118/9254-PA http://doi.org/10.2118/9254-PA
Thiercelin M J , Plumb R A . A core-based prediction of lithologic stress contrasts in East Texas Formations [J ] . SPE Formation Evaluation , 1994 , 9 ( 4 ): 251 - 258 . DOI: 10.2118/21847-PA http://doi.org/10.2118/21847-PA
Meng Z P , Zhang J C , Wa ng , R . In-situ stress, pore pressure and stress-dependent permeability in the Southern Qinshui Basin [J ] . International Journal of Rock Mechnics and Mining Sciences , 2011 , 48 ( 1 ): 122 - 131 . DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.10.003 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2010.10.003
张金才 , 尹尚先 . 页岩油气与煤层气开发的岩石力学与压裂关键技术 [J ] . 煤炭学报 , 2014 , 39 ( 8 ): 1691 - 1699 . https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201408042.htm https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201408042.htm
Zhang Jincai , Yin Shangxian . Some technologies of rock mechanics applications and hydraulic fracturing in shale oil, shale gas and coalbed methane [J ] . Journal of China Coal Society , 2014 , 39 ( 8 ): 1691 - 1699 . https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201408042.htm https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201408042.htm
Zhang J C , Zheng H R , Wang G L , et al . In-situ stresses, abnormal pore pressures and their impacts on the Triassic Xujiahe gas reservoirs in tectonically active western Sichuan Basin [J ] . Marine and Petroleum Geology , 2020 , 12 , 104708 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817220304918 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264817220304918
Zhang J C . Pore pressure prediction from well logs: Methods, modifications, and new approaches [J ] . Earth-Science Reviews , 2011 , 108 , 50 - 63 . DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.06.001 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2011.06.001
Amadai B , Pan E . Gravitational stresses in anisotropic rock masses with inclined strata [J ] . Internatioanal Journal of Rock Mechnics and Mining Sciences & Geomechanics Abstracts , 1992 , 29 ( 3 ): 225 - 236 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0148906292936576 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0148906292936576
Zhang J C . Borehole stability analysis accounting for anisotropies in drilling to weak bedding planes [J ] . Internatioanal Journal of Rock Mechnics and Mining Sciences , 2013 , 60 , 160 - 170 . http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1365160912002535 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1365160912002535
Mavko G , Mukerji T , Dvorkin J . The rock physics handbook [M ] . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press , 2009 .
Zhang J J . Applied Petroleum Geomechanics [M ] . USA : Gulf Professional Publisher of Elsevier , 2019 : 515
Peng S P , Zhang J C . Engineering Geology for Underground Rocks [M ] . Germany : Springer , 2007 : 315
相关作者
相关机构
京公网安备11010802024621
