准噶尔盆地西北缘天然气成因来源及勘探潜力
Genetic types and exploration potential of natural gas at northwestern margin of Junggar Basin
- 2022年43卷第1期 页码:161-174
收稿:2021-08-13,
修回:2021-12-12,
纸质出版:2022-02-01
DOI: 10.11743/ogg20220113
移动端阅览
收稿:2021-08-13,
修回:2021-12-12,
纸质出版:2022-02-01
移动端阅览
准噶尔盆地是中国陆上四大含油气盆地之一,但天然气勘探进展缓慢,已有发现主要集中在盆地的东部和南部。基于天然气的组分和稳定碳同位素组成,在准噶尔盆地西北缘发现了4种类型的天然气。第Ⅰ类天然气主要来自下二叠统风城组湖相烃源岩,可进一步细分为Ⅰ
A
(主要来自沙湾凹陷)和Ⅰ
B
(主要来自玛湖凹陷)两个亚类。第Ⅱ类天然气为沙湾凹陷深部石炭系和下二叠统佳木河组高-过成熟腐殖型烃源岩生成的煤型气。第Ⅲ类天然气为第Ⅰ和第Ⅱ类天然气的混合气。第Ⅳ类天然气为油藏破坏后发生生物降解作用而形成的次生生物成因气。白垩纪,沙湾凹陷风城组、佳木河组和石炭系
烃源岩生成的大量高成熟煤型气和油型气沿断裂和不整合面组成的输导体系运移至构造高部位成藏,而玛湖凹陷风城组烃源岩主体仍处在生油高峰,生成少量低熟油型气在凹陷内及边缘聚集。上述发现证实了准噶尔盆地西部上古生界发育石炭系(含佳木河组)和风城组两套规模有效气源岩,揭示了新的天然气勘探领域。研究成果提供了一个复杂地质条件下开展气-源对比和成藏过程恢复的典型案例,同时也深化了对准噶尔盆地天然气勘探潜力的认识。
Although the Junggar Basin is one of the four major onshore petroliferous basins in China, the progress of natural gas exploration is poor with major discoveries confined to the eastern and southern parts of the basin. Based on gas composition and stable carbon isotopes, we find four types of natural gas at the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin. TypeⅠgas is primarily generated from the lacustrine source rocks of the Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation, and can be further subdivided into TypeⅠ
A
(mainly derived from Shawai Sag) andⅠ
B
(mainly from Mahu Sag). Type Ⅱgas is mainly of coaliferous gas derived from the Carboniferous and Lower Permian Jiamuhe humic source rocks of high to over-mature type in the Shawan Sag. Type Ⅲ gas is a mixture of TypeⅠandⅡ. Type Ⅳ gas is of secondary biogenic gas with oil biodegradation under reservoir destruction. During the Cretaceous, a mass of coaliferous and petroliferous gases were derived from the Fengcheng, Jiamuhe and Carboniferous source rocks in the Shawan Sag, which then migrated to higher parts of the structure along the carrier system composed of faults and unconformities; while the Fengcheng source rocks in the sag was at oil generation peak during which only a small amount of petroliferous gas of low maturity could be generated and accumulate within or over margins of the sag. In this study, it is confirmed that two suites of effective gas source rocks of large scale were developed in the Upper Paleozoic, west of Junggar Basin, that is, the Carboniferous (including Jiamuhe Formation) and Fengcheng Formation source rocks, serving to shed lights on a new field of natural gas exploration. In all, the study is of a typical case to show gas-source correlation under complex geologica
l conditions and hydrocarbon accumulation restoration, and also deepens the understanding of the exploration potential of natural gas in the Junggar Basin.
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