BSR及其下伏游离气区的分布特征与控制因素

doi:10.11743/ogg20160112

Abstract

Abstract: Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR) is the seismic reflection marker of the base of gas hydrates.The blanking zones above represent hydrate-bearing sediments and the abnormally high amplitude zones below represent free gas zones (FGZs) sealed by hydrates.In this paper,high resolution 3D seismic data from offshore Mauritania are used to characte-rize in detail the seismic reflection characters of BSR and underlying FGZs,as well as their relations with nearby structural units.The BSR upwarps in the upper part of the diapir and deepens rapidly near canyon walls.In the diapir zone,the thermal flow migrating along the fault system during dipirism changed the hydrate stability conditions,causing the shallowing of the stable bottom boundary of BSR.The cooling of the surrounding deposits by the canyon,on the contrary,caused the deepening of the stable bottom boundary of BSR.Additionally,research shows that the BSR and FGZs are prone to form in areas with well-developed fluid migration conduits such as faults and chimneys,indicating that the fluid migration system is critical for the formation of gas hydrate and FGZs and may provide gas source for the hydratesystem.

Key words: Bottom Simulating Reflector (BSR), fluid migration, 3D seismic, free gas zone, gas hydrate, Mauritania

CLC Number:

TE132.2

Yang Jinxiu, Richard Davies, Xiao Dianshi, Miao Xiuqing, Zhang Yanian. Distributions of BSR and underlying free gas zones and related controlling factors[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(1): 87-92.

References

[1] Shipley T H,Houston M H,Buffler R T,et al.Seismic evidence for widespread possible gas hydrate horizons on continental slopes and rises[J].Bulletin of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists,1979,63:2204-2213.
[2] 陈多福,李绪宣,夏斌.南海琼东南盆地天然气水合物稳定域分布特征及资源预测[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):483-489. Chen Duofu,Li Xuxuan,Xia Bin.Distribution of gas hydrate stable zones and resource prediction in the Qiongdongnan Basin of the South China Sea[J].Chinese Journal of Geophisics,2004,47(3):483-489.
[3] Klauda J B,Sandler S I.Global distribution of methane hydrate in Ocean Sediment[J].Energy Fuel,2005,19:459-470.
[4] Davies R J,Thatcher K E,Mathias S A,et al.Deepwater canyons:An escape route for methane sealed by methane hydrate[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2012,323-324:72-78.
[5] Kvenvolden K A.Methane hydrate in the global organic carbon cycle[J].Terra Nova,2002,14(5):302-306.
[6] 王秀娟,吴时国,刘学伟,等.基于测井和地震资料的神狐海域天然气水合物资源量估算[J].地球物理学进展,2010,25(4):1288-1297. Wang Xiujuan,Wu Shiguo,Liu Xuewei,et al.Estimation of gas hydrates resources based on well log data and seismic data in Shenhu area[J].Progress in Geophisics,2010,25(4):1288-1297.
[7] Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,et al.Sinuous pockmark belt as indicator of a shallow buried turbiditic channel on the lower slope of the Congo Basin,West African Margin[J].Geological Society of London,Special Publication,2003,216:173-189.
[8] Dickens G R,O'Neil J R,Rea D K,et al.Dissociation of oceanic methane hydrate as a cause of the carbon isotope excursion at the end of the Paleocene[J].Paleoceanography,1995,10:965-971.
[9] 宋海斌,林松修,仓本真一.西南海海槽地震资料处理及其似海底反射层[J].地球物理学报,2001,44(6):799-804. Song Haibin,Matsubayashi Osamu,Kuramot Shin'ichi.Processing of seismic data of western Nankai trough and its charater bottom simulating reflector[J].Chinese Journal of Geophisics,2001,44(6):799-804.
[10] Bünz S,Mienert J,Berndt C.Geological controls on the Storegga gas-hydrate system of the mid-Norwegian continental margin[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2003,209:291-307.
[11] 姚伯初.南海的天然气水合物矿藏.热带海洋学报[J].2001,20(2):20-28. Yao Bochu.The gas hydrate in the South China Sea[J].Journal of Tropical Oceanography,2001,20(2):20-28.
[12] Westbrook G K,Thatcher K E,Rohling E J,et al.Escape of methane gas from the seabed along the West Spitsbergen continental margin[J].Geophysical Research Letters,2009,36:L15608.
[13] Dickens G R.On the fate of past gas:What happens to methane released from a bacterially mediated gas hydrate capacitor[J].Geochemistry,Geophysics,Geosystems,2001,2(2):819-836.
[14] Davies R J,Clarke A L.Methane recycling between hydrate and critically pressured stratigraphic traps,offshore Mauritania[J].Geology,2010,38:963-966.
[15] Haacke R R,Westbrook G K,Hyndman R D.Gas hydrate,fluid flow and free gas:Formation of the bottom-simulating reflector[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2007,261(3-4):407-420.
[16] Yang J,Davies R J.Gravity-driven faults:Migration pathways for recyc-ling gas after the dissociation of marine gas hydrates[J].Marine Geology,2013,336:1-9.
[17] Vear A. Deep-water plays of the Mauritanian continental margin[J].Petroleum Geology Conference Series,2005,6:1217-1232.
[18] Henrich R,Hanebuth T J J,Krastel S,et al.Architecture and sediment dynamics of the Mauritania Slide Complex[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2008,25:17-33.
[19] Antobreh A,Krastel S.Mauritania Slide Complex:morphology,seismic characterisation and processes of formation[J].International Journal of Earth Sciences,2007,96:451-472.
[20] Krastel S,Wynn R B,Hanebuth T J J.Mapping of seabed morphology and shallow sediment structure of the Mauritania continental margin,Northwest Africa:some implications for geohazard potential[J].Norwegian Journal of Geology,2006,86:163-176.
[21] Cartwright J A.Episodic basin-wide hydrofracturing of overpressured early Cenozoic mudrock sequences in the North Sea Basin[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,1994,11:587-607.
[22] Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonatz P,et al.Polygonal faults-furrows system related to early stages of compaction-Upper Miocene to recent sediments of the Lower Congo Basin[J].Basin Research,2004,16:101-116.
[23] Ireland M T,Goulty N R,Davies R J.Influence of pore water chemistry on silica diagenesis:evidence from the interaction of diagenetic reaction zones with polygonal fault systems[J].Jornal of the Geological Society,2010,167:273-279.
[24] Davies R J,Ireland M T.Initiation and propagation of polygonal fault arrays by thermally triggered volume reduction reactions in siliceous sediment[J].Marine Geology,2011,289:150-158.
[25] Hyndman R D,Davis E E.A mechanism for the formation of methane hydrate and seafloor bottom-simulating-reflectors by vertical fluid expulsion[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1992,97(B5):7025-7041.
[26] Clayton C J,Hay S J,Baylis S A,et al.Alteration of natural gas during leakage from a North Sea salt diapir field[J].Marine Geology,1997,137(1-2):69-80.
[27] 张敏强,莺歌海盆地底辟构造带天然气运聚特征:石油大学学报[J].2000,24(4):39-42. Zhang Minqiang.Migration and accumulation characteristics of natural gas in the diaper structure belt of Yinggehai Basin[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China(Edition of Natural Science),2000,24(4):39-42.
[28] Sloan E D.Clathrate hydrates of natural gases:2nd edition[M],1998,New York.
[29] Hickey B M.Response of a narrow submarine canyon to strong wind forcing[J].Journal of Physical Oceanography,1997,27:697-726.
[30] Gay A,Lopez M,Cochonat P,et al.Isolated seafloor pockmarks linked to BSRs,fluid chimneys,polygonal faults and stacked Oligocene-Miocene turbiditic palaeochannels in the Lower Congo Basin[J].Marine Geology,2006,226:25-40.

Distributions of BSR and underlying free gas zones and related controlling factors

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 14

Recommended Articles

Metrics

[1]	Mingxing BAI, Zhichao ZHANG, Qiaozhen CHEN, Long XU, Siyu DU, Yexin LIU. Advances in research on CO₂ replacement for natural gas hydrate exploitation [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 553-564.
[2]	Jinbu Li, Jiping Wang, Long Wang, Bin Fu, Hui Xia, Zhixiao Li. Paleogeomorphologic restoration and its controlling effect on deposition of delta-front sand bodies: A case study of Shan 1³ sub-member of the Permian Shanxi Formation, Qingyang gas field, Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(5): 1136-1145, 1158.
[3]	Dongwen Fan, Zhenquan Lu, Guangzhi Li, Rui Xiao. Organic geochemical characteristics of the Carboniferous-Jurassic potential source rocks for natural gas hydrates in the Muli Depression, Southern Qilian Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 348-358.
[4]	Yang Jinxiu, Song Penglin, He Weiwei, Wang Hongliang, Wang Min, Xiao Dianshi. Distribution pattern of paleo and present BSRs in the toe-thrust belt of Niger Delta front [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(6): 1295-1307.
[5]	Bei Keqi, Xu Tianfu, Shang Songhua, Wei Mingcong, Jin Guangrong, Cao Yuqing, Tian Hailong. Effects of sulfate reduction on the formation of iron-bearing authigenic minerals in a methane seepage setting [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39(1): 183-191.
[6]	Yang Yufeng, Lei Huaiyan, Shi Chunxiao. Archaeal diversity analyses of core 973-3 from potential gas hydrate area in northern South China Sea [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(3): 415-421.
[7]	Chen Mingzheng, Li Zongjie, Wang Baocai. 3D seismic exploration technology of carbonate gas reservoir in Shunnan desert area of Central Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(6): 935-943.
[8]	Ren Tao, Wang Yanchun, Wang Renchong. Productivity index prediction of alluvial fan coarse-grained clastic reservoirs with low porosity and low permeability：a case from Triassic Baikouquan Formation reservoir in Y-region at northwestern margin of Junggar Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(4): 556-561.
[9]	Xing Xuewen, Liu Song, Zhou Hongying, Zou Liqun, Li Guangzhi, Gao Wei. Geochemical behaviors of shallow soil in Muli permafrost and their significance as gas hydrate indicators [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(1): 159-166.
[10]	Wang Yanhui, Jiang Yan, Zhang Xiuli, Li Cao, Piao Changyong, Song Lijun, Gao Peng. 3D seismic interpretation technology and its application in reservoir description—an case from X56 block of Xingshugang oilfield,Songliao Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2013, 34(3): 407-412.
[11]	Han Qiang, Yang Zichuan, Zhao Yuan. Identification of low-amplitude structural traps in Luntai area, the Tarim Basin and its application [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31(1): 43-48.
[12]	Qiu Ronghua, Fu Daiguo, Wan Li. A case study of hydrocarbon exploration in the southern steep slope zone of the Biyang Depression [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2007, 28(5): 605-609.
[13]	Qiu Ronghua, Sun Yaohua, Zhang Yonghua, Tian Xiaomin, Zhu Jingxiu. 3-D seismic survey of shallow reservoirs in Xinzhuang area, Biyang depression [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005, 26(2): 242-245,262.
[14]	Yan Fuli, Jia Dong, Lu Huafu, Xu Guangwei. SEISMIC PUMPING MECHANISM OF HYDROCARBON MIGRATION IN DONGYING DEPRESSION [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1999, 20(4): 295-298.