细粒沉积学研究进展与发展方向

doi:10.11743/ogg20220201

Abstract

Abstract:

Fine-grained sedimentary rocks are widely distributed in strata of different geological times and account for approximately two thirds of sedimentary rocks around the globe. Fine-grained sedimentology is a scientific discipline that studies the composition， structure， classification and genesis， sedimentary process and distribution pattern of fine-grained sedimentary rocks. Under the control of tectonic sedimentary background， provenance， climate change， hydrodynamic conditions， volcanic and submarine hydrothermal activities， the rocks vary greatly in terms of age and space， organic matter abundance and lamina structure and combinations， thus making the key issues to the discipline the determination of formation and preservation mechanisms of organic matter， the genesis of lamina structures， the sedimentary hydrodynamic conditions and the sedimentary models in different water environments. Recent major progresses have been made in fine-grained sedimentary petrology and classification， sequence stratigraphic framework setup and temporal/spatial distribution studies， palaeo-water depth and palaeo-environment reconstruction， lamina structure and combination analyses， experimental sedimentology and depositional dynamic condition restoration for shale， as well as establishment of organic matter enrichment mechanisms and depositional models. The future trends of the discipline include the standardization and classification of terminology， the establishment of chronostratigraphic framework for shale， correlation of palaeo-climate and sedimentary models， the determination of organic matter enrichment as well as micro observation and logging evaluation and prediction of macro-distribution of lamina types and combinations. The development of fine-grained sedimentology is of important guiding significance for the distribution prediction of organic-rich shale and the evaluation of shale oil and gas sweet spots/areas， thus further promote the conventional and unconventional oil and gas exploration.

Key words: laminae, organic matter enrichment, sequence stratigraphy, shale, fine-grained sedimentology

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Rukai Zhu, Mengying Li, Jingru Yang, Surong Zhang, Yi Cai, Yan Cao, Yuan Kang. Advances and trends of fine-grained sedimentology[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(2): 251-264.

Figures/Tables 8

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古环境信息	研究方法与手段
古气候	¹⁴C、C3植物、Sr/Cu、Pb、Cs、孢粉分析、纹层泥、粘土矿物、粒度分析、XPF、古地磁、生物组合
古生产力	Cl、Br、Ag、Cd、Mo、Mn、Cu、Co、Ba等的含量，U和Th的测井曲线
古盐度	Sr/Ba、Sr/Ca、B、Ca、同位素法（O、C、S）、Rb/K、沉积磷酸盐法、植烷、伽马蜡烷、藿烷
古氧化还原性	Pr/Ph，有机C/S，C₃₆藿烷，V/（V+Ni），V/Cr，Ni/Co，U/Th，Au，∑REE，U，V/Ni， Ba/Al，Ba/Ca，U、Mo、Mn、铁组合
古生物	生态分析、遗迹化石标志
古水温	氧同位素比值法、生物化石中δ¹⁸O
古水深	生态分析法，遗迹化石标志，沉积物分布，Mo、Co、Cu、Ba、Pr、U、Sn等，Co含量推测法
湖盆地形	地层厚度校正、古湖水深校正
物源分析	岩石类型、矿物组分、重矿物类型及组合、粒度分布、稀土配分、泥岩微量元素变化、古流向特征和砂体展布方向
沉积速率	DOP、Ua、地层划分法分析
事件作用	火山喷发、湖底热液活动

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