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Table of Content

    25 June 1994, Volume 15 Issue 2
    FORMATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF HEAVY OIL BITUMEN RESOURCES IN CHINA
    Hu Jianyi, Niu Jiayu
    1994, 15(2):  105-112.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940201
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    Heavy oil in China is characterized by terrestrial genesis:low content of sulfur,traceelements and saturated hydrocarbon. Serious thickening resulted by biodegradation, waterwashing and free oxygen oxidization not only has effect on sterane and terpane compounds,but also on polycyclic aromatic compounds. The order of the effect on the abovementioned compounds is naphthalene series→phenanthrene series→chresene series→triaromatic steroid hydrocarbons. the thickening also causes obvious fractionation of stablecarbon isotopes in crude oil. Heayy oil pools are mainly caused by later tectonic movements. In the rising process of hydrocarbon basins (including faulting and folding),paleopools might be destroyed,originally accumulated oil might migrate laterally or horizontally again. In this case,the oil might be biodesraded, oxidated and waterwashed and finallyform the heavy oil accumulation. The spatial distribution of heavy oil and air sands bearsclose relation to conventional oil.Heavy oil and tar sands are widely distributed in China,and the reserves are abundant.They play an important part in China’s oil resources.

    NUMERICAL MODELING OF SUBSIDENCE MECHANISM OF A MESO-CENOZOIC FORELAND BASIN IN NORTH TARIM
    Cao Shoulian, Chen Fajing, Luo Chuanrong
    1994, 15(2):  113-120.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940202
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    A typical foreland basin developed in the northern part of Tarim after Hercynian.The basin was firstly confined to the piedmont of South Tianshan during TriassicJurassic, then extended southward and covered a large area since Cretuceous. The purposeof this paper is attempting to discuss the subsidence mechanism of the basin through numerical modellins. Assuming the continental lithosphere of the area to be a uniform elasticplate, tubing Tianshan orogenic zone as tectonic loads, strata distribution modelling wasmade in five stages. The main parameters necessary for the modelling included obeervedstructural sections, fie-cural rigidity of the lithosphere and the amounts of tectonic loads.The results of the modetling are theoretic structural sections and topography of specifiedload feature. Finite element method was used to solve the fie-cure equation during themodelling process. The theoretical subsidence Plofiles show considerable fit with theobserved tectonic sections except some differences in Shaya uplitf. This indicates that thefie-cural respond of the lithosphere to Tianshan mountain loads may be used to explain themain subsidence mechanism of the basin. The parameters acquired through modelling areanalogous to some typical foreland basin during Meso-Cenozoic.

    APPLICATION OF PATTERN RECOGNITION IN RESERVOIR PREDICTION IN PRE-EXPLORATORY WELLS BEFORE DRILLING
    Liu Zhen, Zhang Wanxuan, Zhang Houfu
    1994, 15(2):  121-126.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940203
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    There is almost nothingbut data of seismic network and seismic profiles to reveal thefeature of subsurface reservoirs on a pre-exploratory structures before drilling. Sincereservoir prediction before drilling is very important, a new method "patternrecognition" is introduced in this paper so as to predict the lithological distribution in preexploratory wells. It has been proved by practice that this method is evidently valuable inapplication.

    SPORO-POLLEN OF HYDROPHYTE AND HELOPHYTE AND BASIN EVOLUTION OF TAIZHOU FORMATION
    Zhou Shanfu
    1994, 15(2):  127-132.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940204
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    Abundant sporo-pollen of hydrophyte and helophyte as well as algaes found in theTaizhou Formation are related to slow flow and stillwater lakes or marshland environment. As compared with the biozone model of present-day lake, the formation underwentthe complete process of water-basin evolution stages: algae germination stage, emergedplant stage, floating plant stage,immersed plant stage and benthophyte-lacking stage,plankton degeneration stage.Charaphyta extinction stage.

    GENETIC TYPES AND DISTRIBUTION REGULARITY OF NATURAL GAS IN NORTHWEST MARGIN OF JUNGGAR BASIN
    Wans Yutao
    1994, 15(2):  133-140.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940205
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    Natural sas in the northwest margin of Junggar Basin could be classified into oiltype gas,mixed gas and coal-formed gas according to its genesis,and could also be divided based on the storing forms into dissolved gas, gas-cap gas and condensate gas. The distribution of different genetic gases may coincide with that of the source rocks:oil-type gasis mainly distributed in oil-bearing strata from Carboniferous to Jurassic in the main bidyo f the hangins wall of Karamay-Wurehe fault; coal formed gas is predominantly distributed in the Upper Permian Wuerhe Formation and Lower Permian Jiamuhe Formation of Ke-75 wellblock in the south of No.5 district; mixed gas primarily preserved in the Up-Per Permian Wuerhe Formation of 546 wellblock in No.8 district.

    BIOMARKER COMPOSITION CHARACTERISTICS OF THREE KINDS OF TERTIARY BROWN COALS IN GUANGXI
    Zeng Fangang, Wang Tieguan, Sheng Guoying, Peng Pingan
    1994, 15(2):  141-150.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940206
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    According to the study made on saturated hydrocarbon fractions of Tertiary browncoals that collected from Baize, Nanning and Hepu of Guangxi Province, the hydrocarbonsin the brown coals are immatured. It is proposed that the resin and wax of higher plant,especially bacteria, could form large amounts of immatured hydrocarbon in immaturesarge. This is considerably important for immature or lower mature hydrocarbon exploration in Tertiary coal measures in China’s coast areas and continental shelf.

    DEVELOPMENT AND EVOLUTION OF KARST FISSURE-CAVE SYSTEM IN YANGXIN SERIES,WEIYUAN STRUCTURE
    Li Dinglong, Jia Shuyuan
    1994, 15(2):  151-157.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940207
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    In the view of water-rock interaction, the evolution process of the reservoir spaces.of natural gas in the Permian Yangxin Sense of Weiyuan structure,Sichuan Province karst fissure-cave system could be divided into depositional, emergence and burial stages.Abundant karst effected evidences found during the study show that at least three types ofkarst such as depositional karst, emergence karst and burial karst developed in they&ngxin Series. It is proposed by the authors that the present karst fissure-cave system ofthis area is the result of superposition of karst and the reservoirs are mainly karst controlled ones.

    GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERS AND EWIRONMENTAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ORDOVICIAN CARBONATE ROCKS IN KEPING AREA,TARIM BASIN
    Hu Mingyi
    1994, 15(2):  158-163.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940208
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    Ordovician System in Keping area of Northern Tarim Basin is dominated by carbonate sediments and can be divided into platform and platform-basin factes zones and subdivided into five different factes types: restricted platform,open platform,platformmarginal shoal,neritic shelf and basin.Geochemical analyses indicates that geochemical characters are closely related tosedi-mentary environment in the study area:1.Different factes types have different geo-chemical characters,the contents of elements K,Na,Fe,Al and trace elements Sr,Ba,Mn,V,Niand B are low in the platform factes zone,but increase largely in the platformbasin factes zone, e. g., the everage content of K is less than 0.01% in the platform factes zone,and it is 0. 95% in the platform-basin factes zone.2.The everage Sr contentand Sr/Ca×1000 ratio tend to increase gradually from restricted platform→open platform→platform marginal shoal→neritic shelf→basin, the ratio increases from 2.9→3.8→5.3→6.0→6.4. The author agrees with J. Veizer at al that this is related to differentprimary carbonate minerals in different sedimentary environments.

    TRANSFORM STRUCTURES IN NORTHERN PART OF SONGLIAO BASIN AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE IN PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
    Hu Wangshui, Wang Xiepei
    1994, 15(2):  164-172.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940209
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    Transform structures in the northern part of Songliao Basin include transform faultsand transform zones. The transform faults are orthogonal to or obligue to normal faults.Their geometric forms were largely determined by the geometric forms and displacementso f the normal faults that controlled thd depression. The faults, resulted from the activationo f the pre-existing faults or weak belts on the basement, were the fundamental factor thatdivided fault-depressed basins into blocks from south to north, and discontinuous in axis.Transform zones are structural systems which adjusted extensional deformation during theevolution of rift-basin. The transform zones could be divided into synthetic collateral,synthetic overlap, synthetic approach, conjugate divergent, conjugate convergent and conjugate collateral types. All of the above mentioned faults, zones and normal faults formedin rifting stage.

    TECTONO-MAGMATIC EVOLUTION OF YANGXIN DEPRESSION AND ITS HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION
    Feng Youliang
    1994, 15(2):  173-179.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940210
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    Yangxin Depression was a typical half-graben in the Eogene. Three tectonic zones inthe depression, including steep-slope, depreessed and senile slope zones, resulted fromsinistral tenso-shear stress.In the Neogene, the faults that controlled the depressionchanged from extensional normal faults into compressive dextral strike-slip fsults,the depression then depressed in its entirety,and hence it is characterized by fault-subSidence inits lower-part but depression in its upper part. Three-stase magmatite developed in the depression: andisite basalt in the 4th member of the Shahejie Formation; quartz-tholeiiticbdsalt and olivine tholeiitic basalts in the 3rd member of the Shahejie Formation and alkalic ultrabasic rock in the Guantao Formation.The tectonic evolution preocess of Yangxin Depression could be divided into following four stages:extenso-fracturing of mantle uplifting, proto-rifting,riftins-subsiding anddepressing. The most favourable stage for hydrocarbon formation and accumulation wasrifting-subsiding stage.

    AN APPROACH TO RECONSTRUCTION OF PALEO-SEDIMENTARY THICKNESS AND PALEO-FORMATION PRESSURE IN ABNORMAL HIGH PRESSURE REGION
    Liu Funing
    1994, 15(2):  180-185.  doi:10.11743/ogg19940211
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    The reconstruction of paleo-sedimentary thickness and paleo-formation pressure isvery important indeed in studying the history of the basin’s evolution, hydrocarbon exploration, migration and accumulation. According to the data of mudstone coustic time of DNBasin, normal-compaction trend lines of single formation pore-depth and pore-time wereset up by application of mudstone compaction irreversible principle, and the reconstructionmethod of paleo-sedimentary thickness and paleo-formation pressure in a abnormal highpressure region was derived in this paper. Finally the author used this method to analysethe mechanism and time of the pressure formation and the condition of hydrocarbon accumulation and migration.