中国南方海相地层牛蹄塘组页岩气“甜点段”识别和优选

doi:10.11743/ogg20200515

Abstract

Abstract:

Low-temperature adsorption/desorption of liquid nitrogen and isothermal adsorption of methane were used to characterize the shale reservoir capacity for adsorbed gas and free gas so as to describe the occurrence of shale gas in the original reservoirs of the Niutitang Formation in southern China.Combined with the gas-bearing properties of typical wells, the occurrence mechanism of the shale gas was studied and the "sweet spots" were identified and optimized in the study area.The results show that 1 to 2 layers of organic-rich shale dominated by black siliceous shale are developed in the Niutitang Formation (TOC>2.0%).Organic-matter pores (cylindrical pores with both ends open), interlayer pores of clay mineral (narrow parallel-plate pores with four sides open) and intergranular and intercrystalline pores (conical parallel-plate pores with four sides open) are developed with the organic-matter pores being the most important.The Niutitang Formation is generally poor in gas-bearing properties, except for one well (Well Ciye 1) measured with a residual gas volume fraction of as high as 69.7%.Both theoretical calculation and field experiments have shown that the occurrence of methane in Niutitang Formation shale reservoirs vary with TOC.Due to the relatively small organic-matter pore size (usually smaller than tens of nanometers), the original reservoirs in the formation store more adsorbed gas than free gas.With the increase of organic matter mass fraction, the elastic modulus of rocks decreases and the Poisson's ratio increases gradually.The "sweet spots" in the Niutitang Formation are characterized by "sweetness" and "brittleness", i.e.they have greater thickness (20-40 m) and high TOC values between 4% and 8%, high quartz mass fraction (>40%) and clay mineral mass fraction (30%-40%), low carbonate rock mass fraction (< 20%), a V_BJH of (10-17)×10^-3 cm³/g, a V_L of 4-6 cm³/g, a free gas volume fraction of more than 40%, an elasticity modulus of 25~35 GPa and a Poisson's ratio of 0.20~0.25.In short, the "sweet spots" in the Niutitang Formation are mainly developed in deep shelf argillaceous facies with high free gas storage capacity.

Key words: shale gas, sweet spot, Niutitang Formation, marine formation, South China

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Shiqing Wu, Jianhua Guo, Zhiyu Li, Mingyang Qin, Yanran Huang, Haonan He. Identification and optimization of shale gas "sweet spots" in marine Niutitang Formation, South China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 1048-1059.

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层位	井名	深度/m	TOC/%	R_o/%	矿物组成含量/%			来源
层位	井名	深度/m	TOC/%	R_o/%	石英	碳酸盐岩	粘土矿物	来源
五峰组-龙马溪组	永页1	514~532	0.98~3.47(1.98)	2.36~2.48(2.40)	37.00~66.00(50.30)	4.50	28.00~40.00(31.30)	本文
	永页2	1 508~1 523	2.21~3.53(2.84)	2.01~2.06(2.03)	34.60~62.20(47.90)	0~22.70(6.80)	14.00~54.20(26.90)
	龙参2	1 897~1 922	1.00~5.96(3.7)	2.24~2.76(2.48)	41.20~62.20(53.70)	2.30~9.80(6.60)	15.20~35.30(23.60)
	桑页1	1 567~1 595	0.60~2.08(1.56)	2.40~3.20(2.80)	—	—	—
	焦页1	2 328~2 415	0.55~5.89(2.54)	2.20~3.13(2.65)	33.90~80.30(48.00)	—	22.60~51.80(33.00)	[22]
	长宁	—	1.90~7.30(4.00)	2.30~3.80(2.5)	25.80~67.60(41.10)	0~43.30(20.50)	10.30~52.80(30.50)
	威201	1 503~1 543	2.60~5.30(3.20)	1.90~2.90(2.50)	16.70~72.80(40.00)	9.20~65.20(21.80)	—	[23]
牛蹄塘组	常页1	1 103~1 224	0.03~17.6(10.10)	2.02~3.13(2.60)	26.00~94.00(52.30)	0~85.00(8.70)	3.00~48.00(27.90)	[16, 24]
	常页1	1 288~ 1 344	0.75~9.89(8.20)	2.02~3.13(2.60)	26.00~94.00(52.30)	0~85.00(8.70)	3.00~48.00(27.90)	[16, 24]
	花页1	2 483~2 508	1.27~9.94(2.4)	2.00~3.60(2.80)	21.40~70.40(43.00)	6.80~58.80(20.40)	8.90~45.30(27.70)	本文
	花页1	2 526~2 595	1.16~13.30(7.00)	2.00~3.60(2.80)	21.40~70.40(43.00)	6.80~58.80(20.40)	8.90~45.30(27.70)	本文
	慈页1	2 620~2 653	1.61~3.22(2.28)	1.52~2.04(1.76)	27.60~59.10(41.60)	3.80~37.90(15.30)	16.90~42.90(27.20)	本文
	慈页1	2 690~2 732	1.18~6.44(3.93)	1.52~2.04(1.76)	27.60~59.10(41.60)	3.80~37.90(15.30)	16.90~42.90(27.20)
	威201	2 652~2 704	2.00~3.60(2.80)	3.20~3.60(3.30)	29.00~72.50(38.50)	2.10~15.60(8.50)	—
	宜地2	1 728	0.52~5.96(2.05)	2.18~2.30(2.26)	5.10~55.7(25.57)	6.40~87.9(36.97)	2.70~61.30(33.30)	[23]
	鄂阳页1	3 055	4.98~5.48(5.20)	2.70	30.20~50.20(39.30)	10.90~29.20(17.70)	9.50~25.80(15.50)	[5]
	1 957	3.20	2.25	46.70	7.80	36.30		[5]

孔隙特征	SEM观察	TOC/%	BET比表面积/(m²·g^-1)	V_BJH/(10^-3cm³·g^-1)	V_L/(cm³·g^-1)
以四面开口的锥形平行板孔为主	粒间孔、粘土矿物层间裂缝	＜2	＜4	＜6	＜4
规则的两端开口圆筒孔和狭窄的平行板孔	有机质孔、粒间孔、粘土矿物层间裂缝	2~8	4~15	6~20	4~6
狭窄的平行板孔、四面开口锥形平板孔和两端开口的锥形管孔	有机质孔、粒间孔、粘土矿物层间裂缝、晶间孔	＞8	＞15	＞20	＞6

层位	井号	总含气量/(m³·t^-1)	具体特征
Barnett		4.2~9.9	吸附气体积分数20%
五峰组-龙马溪组	焦页1	0.44~5.19，平均1.97	吸附气体积分数20%~40%
五峰组-龙马溪组	永页2	1.0~3.5	解吸气体积分数33.8%~79.0%，平均55.4%；残余气体积分数4.0%~40.5%，平均20.4%
五峰组-龙马溪组	龙参2	1.56~3.04	残余气仅0.22~0.31 m³/t
水井沱组	宜页1	0.58~5.48，平均为2.05	解吸气和损失气体积分数高，有工业气流
牛蹄塘组	慈页1	0.33~0.95，平均0.68	残余气体积分数44.8%~83.5%，平均69.7%；而解吸气体积分数只占8.3%~22.3%，平均14.9%

沉积相	深水泥质陆棚
岩性	硅质页岩、炭质页岩
厚度/m	20~40
TOC/%	4~8
石英含量/%	＞40
粘土矿物含量/%	30~40
碳酸盐岩含量/%	＜20
V_BJH/(cm³·g^-1)	(10~17)×10^-3
V_L/(cm³·g^-1)	4~6
游离气体积分数/%	＞40
弹性模量/GPa	25~35
泊松比	0.20~0.25

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Identification and optimization of shale gas "sweet spots" in marine Niutitang Formation, South China

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