超深层致密砂岩储层构造裂缝分布特征及其成因——以塔里木盆地库车前陆冲断带克深气田为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20210207

Abstract

Abstract:

Observations of cores and thin sections combined with logging data interpretation were used to analyze the basic properties and forming sequence of tectonic fractures in the ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs of the Bashijiqike Formation in Keshen gas field.The differences in the fracture properties, including occurrence, mechanical characteristics, density, aperture, filling and fills, were then studied and the causes for the differences were also investigated to select suitable reservoir stimulation measures and determine exploration targets for the field.The results show that the fractures were developed in 3 stages (early, middle and late) in Keshen gas field and constitute reservoirs of distinctive characteristics due to the control of tectonic deformation stage and aqueous diagenesis environment.The Keshen-5 and -6 gas reservoirs in the north of the field are dominated by vertical fractures or high-angle tensile fractures which are nearly parallel to the long axis of the anticline under the effect of slow tectonic deformation at the early stage; the Keshen-2 gas reservoir in the center was under the influence of the middle deformation stage and contains both near NS-trending shearing fractures and near EW-trending tensile fractures with the former being relatively superior in number; the Keshen-8 and -9 gas reservoirs in the south of the field is dominated by vertical shearing fractures of nearly NS trending under deformation of the late stage.In general, from the north to the south, both the major differential stress to rock compressive strength ratios and the fracture density show a rise-fall tendency; meanwhile, the dominant strike of fractures gradually runs parallel to the present major principal stress from a high-angle intersection along with shrinking facture forming time, which in turn reduces filling rate and results in greater effective aperture.In addition, the Bashijiqike Formation (K₁bs) was deposited in a saline water as a whole: the Keshen-5, -6, and -2 blocks in the north of the field were formed in a fresh-brackish setting with fractures mainly filled by calcites, making acidification a suitable reservoir stimulation choice; and the Keshen-8, and -9 blocks in the south of the field were formed in a alkaline-prone water setting with fractures primarily filled with anhydrite and dolomite, making fracturing a more applicable stimulation option.The Keshen-8 block ranks first in terms of tectonic fracture effectiveness, followed by the Keshen-2 and -9 blocks, and then by the Keshen-5 and -6 gas pools.The Keshen-18, -19, -20, and -24 blocks are suggested to have well-developed tectonic fractures and shall be targeted in future exploration.

Key words: forming sequence, tectonic deformation, fill, tectonic fracture, tight sandstone reservoir, ultra-deep formation, foreland thrust belt, Keshen gas field, Tarim Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Ke Wang, Ronghu Zhang, Junpeng Wang, Xiongwei Sun, Xuejun Yang. Distribution and origin of tectonic fractures in ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of Keshen gas field, Kuqa foreland thrust belt, Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(2): 338-353.

Figures/Tables 12

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资料类别	克深5	克深6	克深2	克深8	克深9
取心/口	5	4	19	8	3
岩心总长度/m	152.95	80.36	341.54	97.17	50.31
岩心裂缝数/条	299	210	840	227	215
目的层段成像测井/口	5	4	19	12	4
天然气产量数据/口	7	4	30	16	5

井号	块号/样号	岩性	δ¹³C(PDB)/‰	δ¹⁸O(PDB)/‰	形成温度/℃	Z值	裂缝期次
克深202	1-3/28	棕褐色细砂岩	-3.777	-16.428	128.4	111.4	第3期
克深202	2-14/19	棕褐色细砂岩	-2.760	-15.094	106.5	114.1	第2期
克深202	2-15/19	棕褐色细砂岩	-2.887	-15.262	109.1	113.8	第2期
克深202	2-17/19	棕褐色细砂岩	-3.475	-16.080	122.4	112.2	第3期
克深201	1-26/28	浅褐色细砂岩	-3.493	-16.217	124.8	112.1	第3期
克深2-2-4	3-17/59(全)	褐色细砂岩	-2.876	-14.041	91.0	114.4	第1期
克深205	1-14/25	红褐色细砂岩	-2.446	-13.937	89.5	115.3	第1期

参数/气藏	克深5	克深6	克深2	克深8	克深9
走向	近EW、NW-SE、近NS	近EW为主	近NS、近EW、 NW-SE	近NS、近EW	近NS为主
倾角	高角度为主(49.7%)，其次为直立(28.7%)和低角度-水平(21.6%)	高角度为主(55.3%)，其次为直立(26.3%)和低角度-水平(18.4%)	直立为主(48.9%)，其次为高角度(34.2%)和低角度-水平(16.9%)	直立为主(59.5%)，其次为高角度(40.4%)和低角度-水平(0.1%)	直立为主(60.0%)，其次为高角度(37.9%)和低角度-水平(2.1%)
力学性质	张性为主(71.2%)，其次为剪切(28.8%)	张性为主(66.7%)，其次为剪切(33.3%)	剪切为主(79.5%)，其次为张性(20.5%)	剪切为主(86.8%)，其次为张性(13.2%)	剪切为主(89.1%)，其次为张性(10.9%)
线密度/(条·m^-1)	0.2~0.4	0.1~0.5	0.4~2.3	0.2~1.2	0.2~0.4
有效开度/mm	0.1~0.2	0.1~0.5	0.1~1.0	0.1~1.5	0.1~1.2
充填率/%	70	68	63	27	26
充填物	方解石为主	方解石为主	方解石为主	硬石膏及少量白云石	硬石膏及少量白云石
单井无阻流量/ (10⁴ m³·d^-1)	80~350	90~220	110~530	320~900	100~440

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Distribution and origin of tectonic fractures in ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs: A case study of Keshen gas field, Kuqa foreland thrust belt, Tarim Basin

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