Oil & Gas Geology ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 28-40.doi: 10.11743/ogg20210103
• Petroleum Geology • Previous Articles Next Articles
Jinchuan Zhang1,2(), Shugen Liu3, Xiaoliang Wei1,2,4, Xuan Tang1,2, Yang Liu1,2
Received:
2020-08-17
Online:
2021-02-28
Published:
2021-02-07
CLC Number:
Jinchuan Zhang, Shugen Liu, Xiaoliang Wei, Xuan Tang, Yang Liu. Evaluation of gas content in shale[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(1): 28-40.
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Table 2
Main methods of shale gas content evaluation"
方法 | 基本原理 | 方法要点 | 适用条件 | 结果可信度 | |
地震处理 | 烃类检测 | 当页岩地层含气时,相关的地震参数将发生对应响应 | 提取页岩层段的速度、频率、振幅、相位等参数,发现变化异常 | 需要有一定的测网密度和覆盖次数,有钻井资料验证 | 预测结果取决于数据采集和处理质量,受地质条件和地震解释影响较大 |
钻录测井(井筒技术) | 气测异常 | 对钻井泥浆进行脱气处理,检测其中的气体类型和数量 | 减少钻井和泥浆的干扰,在相同条件下进行脱气检测 | 钻井过程中通过录井仪实现,适用范围广 | 具有重要参考价值,但受泥浆、钻井过程等影响较大 |
测井计算 | 依据不同类型的测井曲线,建立计算关系模型,解释计算页岩地层含气量 | 按沉积类型不同,分别建立不同层系、不同类型页岩地层的解释参数关系模型 | 有自然伽马、声波及电阻率等测井曲线,有根据实验数据建立起来的关系模型 | 既取决于测井质量,又取决于参数关系模型的建立,还取决于含气量的计算方法 | |
现场测试 | 浸水观察 | 将岩心放入水中,逸出气在水中直接可见 | 将岩心清洗后放置于透明的清水容器中 | 最简单的观察方法,随处可用 | 属于经验估计,标准难以统一,误差大 |
现场解析 | 在模拟地层温度条件下,收集计量从岩心中解吸逃逸的气体总量 | 模拟地层温度,测准解吸气和残余气,合理获得损失气 | 对于取心井段均可实施,适用于各种可能的页岩含气目的层 | 直接沿袭自煤层气的现场解析法(USBM法等),无法合理求得损失气 | |
保压取心 | 使岩心在维持原始地层压力条件下,达到地表并进行测量 | 保持平衡钻井条件下完成取心作业,核实取心筒内压力,完成检测 | 当钻遇断层破碎带,或者裂缝较为发育时,该方法的误差较大 | 当满足保压取心和含气量评价条件时,可获得较为准确的数据, | |
实验计算 | 等温吸附 | 在地层温度条件下,模拟不同压力时的天然气吸附能力 | 提高测试精度,合理获得压力与吸附气量之间的关系 | 主要用于计算页岩的最大吸附含气量和临界解吸压力 | 所得数据为最大吸附能力,煤层气的测试方法需要修正 |
模拟计算 | 在地层温度和压力条件下,分别根据储集空间和吸附能力计算游离和吸附气量,求和得总含气量 | 同时计算孔隙和裂缝所能容纳的游离气量,计算吸附气,在总含气量中扣除重叠计算的部分 | 对于具备有机碳含量、裂缝孔隙度、埋藏深度等参数的研究对象,可获得计算含气量 | 计算结果受较多因素影响,通常大于实际数值。但出现高压异常时,计算结果变化相反 | |
地质分析 | 图版查阅 | 根据已知的有机碳含量、埋藏深度等条件,直接在图版上查询结果 | 增加对实际地质条件的考量,根据地质特殊性对理论值进行修正 | 缺乏页岩气地质研究资料时的一种简单、快捷预测方法 | 由于图版法考虑的因素较为有限,通常需要根据实际资料进行校正 |
地质类比 | 依据页岩气成藏地质条件的相似性进行类比计算 | 选择对含气量有主控影响的参数进行相似度计算 | 在可用资料少、情况下的常用方法 | 受研究认识程度、类比区及类比参数等影响较大 | |
生产测试 | 试井分析 | 在一定的生产制度下,测试获得不同条件下的天然气产量,计算获得地层含气量 | 观察钻井、压裂、排采后的页岩气显示情况,在确定的生产制度下计算含气量 | 适用于已有钻井实施,目前正处于压裂、排采、试气阶段的评价对象 | 可信度相对较高,但取决于钻探及储层改造的工程质量,也取决于试井方法 |
生产测试 | 根据压裂效果及累计产气量进行计算 | 借助页岩气生产过程中的EUR计算获得 | 已有页岩气生产井和页岩气产量积累 | 使用不同阶段的地层累计产气量进行计算 |
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