砂质辫状河心滩沉积演化规律与沉积构型特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20230620

Abstract

Abstract:

Mid-channel bars in sandy braided rivers， boasting a large scale， high connectivity， and favorable physical properties， serve as a significant type of hydrocarbon reservoirs. Complex and variable hydrodynamic conditions endow mid-channel bars with multiple types and complex internal architectures， which constrain efficient oil and gas exploitation. This study aims to explore the sedimentary evolution pattern and architectural characteristics of mid-channel bars in sandy braided rivers， with a specific focus on the influence of the sedimentary process. To this end， we conduct the dynamic simulation and process analysis of the sedimentary evolution of sandy braided rivers using a sedimentary numerical simulation method based on the real-time solution in hydrodynamic fields. The results are as follows：（1） Mid-channel bars in sandy braided rivers evolve in five stages， namely the sequential formation and continuous conversion of lozenge-shaped bars， tongue-shaped bars， unit bars， composite bars， and reworked composite bars. These bars differ significantly in planar morphology， cross-sectional structure， and scale；（2） Interactions between water currents and mid-channel bars act as the predominant mechanism governing the sedimentary evolution of sandy braided rivers. Specifically， the constant changes in the convergence and divergence characteristics and distribution styles of water currents facilitate the formation， accretion， migration， and deformation of the mid-channel bars， which are under frequent and complex superimposition and cutting. In turn， the evolutionary dynamics of the mid-channel bars further induces the above-mentioned changes in water currents；（3） Three types of accretion stemming from progradation， lateral accretion， and aggradation occur within the mid-channel bars. In the process from the formation of lozenge-shaped bars to the emergence of reworked composite bars， the accretion within mid-channel bars evolves from an initial dominance of progradation to the coexistence of progradation and lateral accretion， culminating in a combination of all three accretion types. During the transitional phase， the length and width of the mid-channel bars experience a rapid increase， followed by a slow increase， and finally stabilize. As revealed by sedimentary records， reservoirs of the mid-channel bar microfacies terminating at different evolutionary stages differ significantly in planar distribution pattern， internal architectural characteristics， and scale.

Key words: quantitative aspect, sedimentary numerical simulation, sedimentary evolution, sedimentary architecture, mid-channel bar, sandy braided river

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Tao LEI, Guanglei REN, Xiaohui LI, Wenjie FENG, Huachao SUN. Sedimentary evolution pattern and architectural characteristics of mid-channel bars in sandy braided rivers： Understanding based on sedimentary numerical simulation[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6): 1595-1608.

Figures/Tables 12

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参数项	模拟设定值				说明
沉积物粒度中值/um	300				—
泥质沉积物供应量/（kg/m³）	10				参考现代沉积数据
砂质沉积物浓度/（kg/m³）	2.5				参考现代沉积数据
沉积物组分	细砂	中砂	粗砂	巨砂	多种组分混合后中值粒径约为300 μm
砂质沉积物组分粒度中值/μm	150	300	750	1 500
砂质沉积物组分含量（质量占比）/%	25	50	15	10
沉积物浓度/（kg/m³）	1.25	2.50	0.75	0.50
砂质沉积物密度/（g/cm³）	2.65
底床坡度/（°）	0.005 ~ 0.060				冲积平原坡度平缓
河道宽度/km	3.2
水流量/（m³/s）	40 000
平均水深/m	4 ~ 6 m				取决于河宽、底床坡度及水流量
控制流速/（m/s）	0 ~ 4.5				取决于河宽、底床坡度及水流量
网格单元大小/m	50×20
平面网格单元总量/个	1 600×160
模拟区域尺寸/m	80 000×3 200
地貌演化系数	48				地貌模拟加速48倍
底床糙度-chezy值/（m^1/2/s）	45				（参考Schuurman等， 2013）
水平涡粘系数/（m²/s）	1 000
垂向涡粘系数/（m²/s）	0.001
临近干网格侵蚀系数	0.25
水动力计算时间步长/min	0.2
沉积模拟数据保存时间步长/min	15

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Sedimentary evolution pattern and architectural characteristics of mid-channel bars in sandy braided rivers： Understanding based on sedimentary numerical simulation

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