深层碳酸盐岩储层溶洞垮塌物理模拟及分布预测

doi:10.11743/ogg20220619

Abstract

Abstract:

Large paleokarst caves constitute important storage space in deep carbonate reservoirs. Drilling data reveal that many such caves are filled to some extent by collapsed breccia. A better understanding of their collapse mechanisms， modes and distribution would be helpful in the highly efficient development of such reservoirs. This study applies the similarity theory to the making of unfilled， sand/mud-filled and water-filled spherical caves using the molten wax cavity method to simulate the large karst caves in the Ordovician carbonate reservoirs for geomechanical physical model test of karst cave collapsing. Collapse modes are established based on the revealed collapse mechanism， morphology and damage zone of simulated karst caves of different filling types and the possibility of seismic prediction is also explored based on the seismic reflection characteristics of the collapsed karst caves during the tests. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of using physical model test to analyze the karst cave collapsing in deep carbonate reservoirs under in-situ stress in the Tahe area. Being more visualized and real than traditional methods， the test reveals that compaction and shearing are the main causes of cave collapsing， during which the roof and surrounding rock of the cave sink in， with a shear-slip damage zone of 2 to 3 times larger than the cave diameter. The sand/mud-filled cave is shown to be more stable than the water-filled cave， and the unfilled cave is the least stable. Two cave collapse modes are established： Type Ⅰ being mainly affected by overlying gravity and type Ⅱ by shear stress. Their seismic reflections show local differences. If combined properly with colored inversion and GR inversion as well as seismic attribute like frequency division energy and coherent energy gradient， and etc.， the reflection differences can be used to map the two types of collapsed karst caves. The prediction of collapsed karst caves shows a good correspondence with oil well productivity.

Key words: karst cave collapse, physical simulation, collapse mode, collapse prediction, deep carbonate reservoirs, Tahe oilfield

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Xinrui Lyu, Xingwei Wu, Jianfang Sun, Dongling Xia, Yanpu Li, Yanzhi Ding, Bin Wang. Physical simulation and distribution prediction of karst cave collapsing in deep carbonate reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(6): 1505-1514.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

References 27

1	何治亮，马永生，朱东亚，等. 深层-超深层碳酸盐岩储层理论技术进展与攻关方向［J］. 石油与天然气地质，2021，42（3）：533-546．
	He Zhiliang， Ma Yongsheng， Zhu Dongya， et al. Theoretical and technological progress and research direction of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2021， 42（3）：533-546.
2	庞雄奇，林会喜，郑定业，等. 中国深层和超深层碳酸盐岩油气藏形成分布的基本特征与动力机制及发展方向［J］. 地质力学学报，2020，26（5）：673-695.
	Pang Xiongqi， Lin Huixi， Zheng Dingye， et al. Basic characteristics， dynamic mechanism and development direction of the formation and distribution of deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs in China［J］. Journal of Geomechanics， 2020， 26（5）：673-695.
3	马永生，黎茂稳，蔡勋育，等. 海相深层油气富集机理与关键工程技术基础研究进展［J］. 石油实验地质，2021， 43（5）： 737-748.
	Ma Yongsheng， Li Maowen， Cai Xunyu， et al. Advances in basic research on the mechanism of deep marine hydrocarbon enrichment and key exploitation technologies［J］. Petroleum Geology & Experiment， 2021， 43（5）： 737-748.
4	窦之林. 塔河油田碳酸盐岩缝洞型油藏开发技术［M］. 北京：石油工业出版社，2012：1-20.
	Dou Zhilin. Development technology of carbonate fractured-vuggy reservoir in Tahe Oilfield［M］. Beijing： Petroleum Industry Press， 2012： 1-20.
5	张希明，杨坚，杨秋来，等. 塔河缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏描述及储量评估技术［J］. 石油学报，2004，25（1）：14-18.
	Zhang Ximing， Yang Jian， Yang Qiulaiet al. Reservoir description and reserves estimation technique for fracture-cave type carbonate reservoir in Tahe Oilfield［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica， 2004， 25（1）： 14-18.
6	吕心瑞，李红凯，魏荷花，等. 碳酸盐岩储层多尺度缝洞体分类表征—以塔河油田S80单元奥陶系油藏为例［J］. 石油与天然气地质，2017，38（4）： 813-821.
	Xinrui Lyu， Li Hongkai， Wei Hehua， et al. Classification and characterization method for multi-scale fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in carbonate reservoirs： An example from Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield S80 unit［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2017， 38（4）： 813-821.
7	金强，田飞，鲁新便，等. 塔河油田奥陶系古径流岩溶带垮塌充填特征［J］. 石油与天然气地质，2015， 36（5）：729-735.
	Jin Qiang， Tian Fei， Lu Xinbian， et al. Characteristics of collapse breccias filling in caves of runoff zone in the Ordovician karst in Tahe oilfield， Tarim Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2015， 36（5）： 729-735.
8	胡文革. 塔里木盆地塔河油田潜山区古岩溶缝洞类型及其改造作用［J］. 石油与天然气地质，2022，43（1）：43-53.
	Hu Wenge. Paleokarst fractured-cavity types and their reconstruction in buried hill area， Tahe oilfield， Tarim Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2022， 43（1）：43-53.
9	金强，田飞. 塔河油田岩溶型碳酸盐岩缝洞结构研究［J］. 中国石油大学学报（自然科学版），2013，37（5）：15-21.
	Jin Qiang， Tian Fei. A study on constructions of fracture-cave in karst carbonates in Tahe Oilfield［J］. Journal of China University of Petroleum（Natural Science Edition）， 2013， 37（5）： 15-21.
10	李新华，康志宏，刘洁，等. 塔河油田奥陶系岩溶塌陷体结构识别及成因分析［J］．现代地质，2021，35（6）：1830-1843．
	Li Xinhua， Kang Zhihong， Liu Jie， et al ．Characteristics identification and formation of Ordovician karst collapse reservoir structure in Tahe Oilfield［J］. Geoscience， 2021， 35（6）： 1830-1843．
11	Loucks R G. Paleocave carbonate reservoirs： Origins， burial-depth modifications， spatial complexity， and reservoir implications［J］. AAPG Bulletin， 1999， 83（11）： 1795-1834.
12	王建峰，邓光校，李涛，等. 塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶塌陷体特征及成因［J］. 新疆石油地质，2017，38（4）：385-391.
	Wang Jianfeng， Deng Guangxiao， Li Tao， et al. Characteristics and genesis of paleo-karst collapses in Ordovician carbonate rocks， Tahe Oilfield［J］. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology， 2017， 38（4）： 385-391.
13	丁晓琪，张哨楠，潘怀孝，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田奥陶系“垮塌”型岩溶储层发育规律［J］．石油与天然气地质，2016，37（2）：210-217．
	Ding Xiaoqi， Zhang Shaonan， Pan Huaixiao， et al. Development patterns of collapse-type karst reservoirs in the Ordovician of Daniudi gasfield， Ordos Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2016， 37（2）： 210-217．
14	郑兴平，沈安江，寿建峰，等. 埋藏岩溶洞穴垮塌应力的空间变化图版及其在碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层地质评价预测中的意义［J］. 海相油气地质，2009，14（4）：55-59.
	Zheng Xingping， Shen Anjiang， Shou Jianfeng， et al. A quantitative plate of collapsed karst cave depth and its application in geological prediction and evaluation of carbonate reservoir［J］. Marine Oil and Gas Geology， 2009， 14（4）： 55-59.
15	王超，张强勇，刘中春，等. 缝洞型油藏溶洞临界垮塌深度预测模型及其应用［J］. 中国石油大学学报（自然科学版），2015，39（1）：103-110.
	Wang Chao， Zhang Qiangyong， Liu Zhongchun， et al. A prediction model for collapse of karst caves in fractured-vuggy oil reservoirs and its application［J］. Journal of China University of Petroleum （Edition of Natural Science）， 2015， 39（1）： 103-110.
16	康志宏，鲁新便，唐湘蓉，等. 塔河油田奥陶系古洞穴垮塌体地震反射结构与识别［J］. 新疆地质，2014， 32（4）： 540-545.
	Kang Zhihong， Lu Xinbian， Tang Xiangrong， et al. Recognition and seismic reflection structure of Ordovician paleocave collapse in Tahe Oilfield［J］. Xinjiang Geology， 2014， 32（4）： 540-545.
17	João A， David L C， Thales E S J， et al. Characterization of collapsed paleocave systems using GPR attributes［J］. Journal of Applied Geophysics， 2014， 103： 43-56.
18	杨瑞召，金圣林，杨敏，等. 塔里木盆地塔河油田不同岩溶塌陷类型地震响应特征与识别［J］. 天然气地球科学，2017，28（3）：391-396.
	Yang Ruizhao， Jin Shenglin， Yang Min， et a1 ．Seismic response characteristics and identification of different types of karst collapse in Tahe Oilfield， Tarim Basin［J］. Natural Gas Geoscience， 2017， 28（3）： 391-396．
19	戴永浩，陈卫忠，杨春和，等. 金坛盐岩储气库运营模型试验研究［J］. 岩土力学，2009，30（12）：3574-3580.
	Dai Yonghao， Chen Weizhong， Yang Chunhe， et al. A study of model test of Jintan rocks salt gas storage’s operation［J］. Rock and Soil Mechanics， 2009， 30（12）： 3574-3580.
20	段抗，张强勇，向文，等. 盐岩地下储气库注采气套管运行安全的物理模型试验研究［J］. 岩土力学，2013，34（6）：1605-1612.
	Duan Kang， Zhang Qiangyong， Xiang Wen， et al. Physical model test on operational safety of injection and recovery casing of underground salt rock gas storages［J］. Rock and Soil Mechanics， 2013， 34（6）： 1605-1612.
21	陈旭光，张强勇，刘德军，等. 高地应力深部巷道开挖锚固特性的三维地质力学模型试验研究［J］. 土木工程学报，2011，44（9）：107-113.
	Chen Xuguang， Zhang Qiangyong， Liu Dejun， et al. A 3D geomechanics model test study of the anchoring character for deep tunnel excavations［J］. China Civil Engineering Journal， 2011， 44（9）： 107-113.
22	夏日元，邹胜章，梁彬，等. 塔里木盆地奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞系统模式及成因研究［M］. 北京：地质出版社，2011，47-62.
	Xia Riyuan， Zou Shengzhang， Liang Bin， et al. Study on the patterns and forming mechanism of fracture-cavity systems in Ordovician carbonate， Tarim Basin［M］. Beijing：Geological Publishing Press， 2011， 47-62.
23	吕心瑞，孙建芳，邬兴威，等. 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏储层结构表征方法—以塔里木盆地塔河S67单元奥陶系油藏为例［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2021，42（3）：728-737.
	Xinrui Lyu， Sun Jianfang， Wu Xingwei， et al. Internal architecture characterization of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs： A case study on the Ordovician reservoirs， Tahe Unit S67， Tarim Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2021， 42（3）： 728-737.
24	李阳，李永强，侯加根. 碳酸盐岩缝洞型储集体特征及分类分级地质建模［J］. 石油勘探与开发，2016，43（4）： 600-606.
	Li Yang， Li Yongqiang， Hou Jiagen. Features and hierarchical modeling of carbonate fracture-cavity reservoirs［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2016， 43（4）： 600-606.
25	Zeng H， Loucks R， Janson X， et al ．Three-dimensional seismic geomorphology and analysis of the Ordovician paleokarst drainage system in the central Tabei Uplift， northern Tarim Basin western China［J］. AAPG Bulletin， 2011， 95（12）： 2061-2083.
26	张强勇，李术才，郭小红，等. 铁晶砂胶结新型岩土相似材料的研制及其应用［J］. 岩土力学，2008，29（8）：2126-2130.
	Zhang Qiangyong， Li Shucai， Guo Xiaohong， et al. Research and development of new typed cementitious geotechnical similar material for iron crystal sand and its application［J］. Rock and Soil Mechanics， 2008， 29（8）： 2126-2130.
27	张强勇，向文，张岳，等. 超高压智能数控真三维加载模型试验系统的研制及应用［J］. 岩石力学与工程学报，2016，35（8）：1628-1637.
	Zhang Qiangyong， Xiang Wen， Zhang Yue， et al. Development and application of ultra high pressure 3D loading model test system with intelligent numerical control function［J］. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering， 2016， 35（8）： 1628-1637.

[1]	Pengyuan HAN, Wenlong DING, Debin YANG, Juan ZHANG, Hailong MA, Shenghui WANG. Characteristics of the S80 strike-slip fault zone and its controlling effects on the Ordovician reservoirs in the Tahe oilfield， Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 770-786.
[2]	Changjian ZHANG, Debin YANG, Lin JIANG, Yingbing JIANG, Qi CHANG, Xuejian MA. Characteristics and origin of over-dissolution residual fault-karst reservoirs in the northern Tahe oilfield， Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 367-383.
[3]	San ZHANG, Qiang JIN, Jinxiong SHI, Mingyi HU, Mengyue DUAN, Yongqiang LI, Xudong ZHANG, Fuqi CHENG. Filling patterns and reservoir property of the Ordovician buried-river karst caves in the Tabei area， Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6): 1582-1594.
[4]	Zhijiang KANG, Dongmei ZHANG, Zhenkun ZHANG, Ruiqi WANG, Wenbing JIANG, Kunyan LIU. Intelligent prediction of inter-well connectivity path in deep fractured-vuggy reservoirs [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(5): 1290-1299.
[5]	Mingchuan WANG, Taizhong DUAN. Facies sequence-based MPS reservoir facies modeling algorithm and its application [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(1): 238-246.
[6]	Bingyu Ji, Songqing Zheng, Hao Gu. On the development technology of fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs：A case study on Tahe oilfield and Shunbei oil and gas field [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(6): 1459-1465.
[7]	Wenbiao Zhang, Yaxiong Zhang, Taizhong Duan, Meng Li, Huawei Zhao, Yan Wang. Hierarchy modeling of the Ordovician fault-karst carbonate reservoir in Tuoputai area， Tahe oilfield， Tarim Basin， NW China [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(1): 207-218.
[8]	Juan Zhang, Min Yang, Runcheng Xie, Ming Wang, Hong Wang, Ziwei Luo. Probability-constrained identification of Ordovician small-scale fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Blocks 4-6， Tahe Oilfield， Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(1): 219-228.
[9]	Wenge Hu. Paleokarst fracture-vug types and their reconstruction in buried hill area， Tahe oilfield， Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(1): 43-53.
[10]	Jiaxu Chen, Bin Wang, Xiaowen Guo, Zicheng Cao, Yongli Liu, Feng Geng, Xuyou Zhang, Hao Xu, Jianxin Zhao. Application of laser in-situ U-Pb dating of calcite to determination of the absolute time of hydrocarbon accumulation in polycyclic superimposed basins: A case study on Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(6): 1365-1375.
[11]	Hong Cheng, Jie Zhang, Wenbiao Zhang. Discussion on identification, prediction and development pattern of faulted-karst carbonate reservoirs:A case study of TH10421 fracture-cavity unit in block 10 of Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 996-1003.
[12]	Dingye Zheng, Xiongqi Pang, Fujie Jiang, Tieshu Liu, Xinhe Shao, Longlong Li, Yuying HuYan, Fangxin Guo. Characteristics and physical simulation of the Upper Paleozoic tight gas accumulation in Linxing area, Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(4): 744-754.
[13]	Yongli Liu, Donghua You, Lijun Gao, Weifeng Zhang, Chengfei Xie. Genesis and geological significance of siliceous rock in Penglaiba Formation in Well Tashen 6, Tahe oilfield [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(1): 83-91.
[14]	He Tingting, Duan Taizhong, Zhao Lei, Liu Yanfeng. Triassic sedimentary model in Block T of Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(4): 822-834.
[15]	Zhu Guiliang, Sun Jianfang, Liu Zhongchun. An approach to calculate developed reserves in gas drive fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Tahe oilfield [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(2): 436-442,450.

Physical simulation and distribution prediction of karst cave collapsing in deep carbonate reservoirs

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 9

References 27

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics