塔里木盆地北部奥陶系海相碳酸盐岩断溶体油藏成因类型及特征再认识

doi:10.11743/ogg20240204

Abstract

Abstract:

The previously coined fault-karst reservoirs have become new exploration and exploitation targets and types of marine carbonate hydrocarbon reservoirs. However， these reservoirs are significantly different from conventional weathering-crust karst reservoirs and also show diverse reservoir types and structural characteristics themselves. By delving into the differences in the dissolution and tectonic fracturing of fault-karst reservoirs， we categorize these reservoirs into three types： the over-dissolved residual type， the fractured and highly dissolved type， and the highly fractured and weakly dissolved type. Investigations into these types of fault-karst reservoirs reveal that these reservoirs significantly differ in dissolution intensity， fracture and vug sizes， cumulative oil production， formation energy， and fracture-vug connectivity. Furthermore， the distribution of over-dissolved residual fault-karst reservoirs is influenced by both weathering crust unconformities and the longitudinal dissolution of fault zones. In contrast， the formation and distribution of the remaining two types， manifesting a minimal association with unconformities and tectonic locations， are primarily governed by the fracturing and dissolution intensity of dissolved fault zones. Specifically， large-scale caves occur in the cores of dissolved fault zones， gradually transitioning to fractured-vuggy and fractured reservoirs towards their both sides.

Key words: genetic type, carbonate rock, fault-karst reservoir, Ordovician, Tarim Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.3

Debin YANG, Xinbian LU, Dian BAO, Fei CAO, Yan WANG, Ming WANG, Runcheng XIE. New insights into the genetic types and characteristics of the Ordovician marine fault-karst carbonate reservoirs in the northern Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 357-366.

Figures/Tables 12

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成因类型	结构特征	断裂特征	岩溶作用	储集空间组合	开发特征	分布区及实例
过溶蚀残留型	具层控状的洞穴+孔洞带+裂缝带	北东向主干断裂间加持北西向的平行次级断裂	暴露于地表的大气淡水岩溶作用为主	沿不整合面发育以洞穴、溶蚀孔洞为主及沿断裂带发育的溶蚀孔洞	油井普遍初期产能高、稳产能力强、累产高，井间面状连通	塔河油田剥蚀区，如塔河4区、6区、7区等
破碎+强溶蚀型	裂缝带+孔洞带+洞穴+孔洞带+裂缝带	北北西、北北东向的棋盘格式共轭剪切走滑断裂	地层条件下大气淡水的溶蚀作用为主	沿主干断裂发育大型洞穴、溶蚀孔洞以及溶蚀的裂缝带	油井普遍初期产能高、稳产能力较强、累产较高，井间线状连通	塔河油田覆盖区，如TP12CX等断裂带
强破碎+弱溶蚀型	破碎带+孔洞（含局部发育的洞穴）+破碎带	北东向、近南北向的平行走滑断裂	埋藏条件的多种溶蚀作用	沿主干断裂发育大规模的破碎作用，以断面空腔+角砾间孔隙+裂缝为主	油井普遍初期产能高、稳产能力偏弱、累产较高，井间连通弱	顺北地区，如顺北1号、5号走滑断裂带

油藏类型	分布区域	样本数/个	高度/m	平均高度/m
过溶蚀残留型	岩溶区构造高部位	56	0.62～51.00	10.40
过溶蚀残留型	岩溶区斜坡带	158	0.24～47.50	9.82
破碎+强溶蚀型	托甫台断控区	22	0.18～19.00	4.71
破碎+强溶蚀型	跃进断控区	5	0.25～7.57	3.91
强破碎+弱溶蚀型	顺北断控区	10	0.41～1.00	0.96

成因类型	断溶体油藏	断裂特征			油藏特征
成因类型	断溶体油藏	长度/km	破碎带宽度/km	破碎带深度/km	溶洞钻遇率/%	溶洞高度/m	油柱高度/m	初期产能/（t/d）	累产/（10⁴ t）
过溶蚀残留型	TP101	11.6	0.24～2.3	1.5～1.8	38.1	3.3	96.0	108.0	31.9
破碎+强溶蚀型	TP249X	6.8	0.1～0.3	1.5～1.8	16.7	3.0	105.0	48.0	8.6
强破碎+ 弱溶蚀型	TP12CX	7.8	0.3～2.4	1.5～1.8	46.7	4.9	93.0	164.0	6.4
	TP315	8.3	0.2～1.6	0.9～1.2	21.4	2.7	81.0	71.8	12.9
	TP310	10.5	0.1～0.8	0.9～1.2	10.0	1.2	110.0	66.0	22.1

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New insights into the genetic types and characteristics of the Ordovician marine fault-karst carbonate reservoirs in the northern Tarim Basin

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