页岩油富集可动性地球化学评价参数探讨

doi:10.11743/ogg20240304

Abstract

Abstract:

Geochemical parameters serve as important indicators for shale oil enrichment and mobility evaluation. Using pyrolysis experiments of minerals/post-extraction shale residues mixed with oil/alkanes， as well as the comparison and forward modeling of pyrolysis parameters of oil-generating shales before and after shale extraction using organic reagents， we perform a case study of the oil-generating shales in the Bakken Formation of the Williston Basin and the Paleogene Shahejie Formation of the Jiyang Depression in the Bohai Bay Basin. Accordingly， the characteristics of shale oil enrichment and corresponding responses of geochemical parameters are analyzed to investigate the lower limits of the oil saturation index （OSI） and productivity index （PI） as indicators of shale oil enrichment and mobility. The results reveal that conventional Rock-Eval pyrolysis on oil in rock generates both free hydrocarbons （S₁） and pyrolyzed hydrocarbons （S₂）， affecting the S₂ curve’s peak style and peak temperature for hydrocarbon pyrolysis （T_max）. Crude oil enrichment in shales， thereby， leads to anomalously high values of OSI and PI and anomalously low T_max values， with these three parameters in coordinated variation. Oil-rich shales with a low organic matter content exhibit more pronounced anomalies in pyrolysis parameters. In contrast， for organic-rich shales， their OSI and PI values tend to stabilize after the total organic carbon （TOC） content reaches a specific threshold. The liquid-solid interactions in shales affect the lower limits of indicators for hydrocarbon mobility. A systematic analysis of the Bakken Formation in one well in the Williston Basin and the Shahejie Formation in three wells in the Jiyang Depression indicates that the lower limits of OSI for the enriched shale oil and its mobility fall below 50 ~ 75 mg/g， corresponding to PI values of 0.12 ~ 0.20. The lower limit of OSI for the enriched shale oil and its mobility is closely associated with shale lithology and crude oil properties， with carbonate-rich shales exhibiting lower limits of OSI for shale oil mobility.

Key words: oil saturation index （OSI）, hydrocarbon productivity index （PI）, shale oil mobility, Bakken Formation, Williston Basin, Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.1

Huimin LIU, Youshu BAO, Maowen LI, Zheng LI, Lianbo WU, Rifang ZHU, Dayang WANG, Xin WANG. Geochemical parameters for evaluating shale oil enrichment and mobility： A case study of shales in the Bakken Formation， Williston Basin and the Shahejie Formation， Jiyang Depression[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 622-636.

Figures/Tables 13

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References 23

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实验系列	样品名称	混油/烷烃后参数							混油/烷烃前参数
实验系列	样品名称	热解S₁/ （mg/g）	热解S₂/ （mg/g）	T_max/ ℃	TOC/ %	OSI/ （mg/g）	HI/ （mg/g）	PI	热解S₁/ （mg/g）	热解S₂/ （mg/g）	T_max/ ℃	TOC/ %	OSI/ （mg/g）	HI/ （mg/g）
1-1-1	混合矿物＋油	0.04	0.04	358	0.05	80	80	0.50	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-2	混合矿物＋油	0.11	0.10	359	0.1	110	100	0.52	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-3	混合矿物＋油	0.25	0.22	364	0.13	192	169	0.53	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-4	混合矿物＋油	0.65	0.63	364	0.24	271	263	0.51	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-5	混合矿物＋油	1.58	1.64	394	0.47	336	349	0.49	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-6	混合矿物＋油	3.11	4.16	319	0.90	346	462	0.43	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-2-1	沙三段页岩抽提残渣+油	1.18	18.80	443	3.18	37	591	0.06	0.05	17.06	443	2.78	2	614
1-2-2	沙三段页岩抽提残渣+烷烃	5.68	20.09	442	3.48	163	577	0.22	0.05	17.06	443	2.78	2	614
1-3-1	沙四段页岩抽提残渣+油	1.49	12.44	444	2.31	65	539	0.11	0.06	9.02	445	1.89	3	477
1-3-2	沙四段页岩抽提残渣+烷烃	6.13	13.42	446	2.64	232	508	0.31	0.06	9.02	445	1.89	3	477

样品编号	深度/m	原始样品							抽提后样品					ΔT_max/ ℃	ΔTOC/ %	ΔP_g/（mg/g）
样品编号	深度/m	TOC/ %	S₁/ （mg/g）	S₂/ （mg/g）	T_max/ ℃	HI/ （mg/g）	PI	OSI/ （mg/g）	TOC_EX/ %	S_1EX/ （mg/g）	S_2EX/ （mg/g）	T_maxEX/ ℃	HI_EX/ （mg/g）	ΔT_max/ ℃	ΔTOC/ %	ΔP_g/（mg/g）
1	3 462.83	1.51	0.98	3.08	450	203	0.24	65	1.35	0.06	1.66	454	123	-4	0.17	2.34
2	3 466.47	1.61	1.44	3.16	453	196	0.31	89	1.29	0.09	1.47	458	114	-5	0.33	3.04
3	3 567.95	1.46	1.26	3.64	443	249	0.26	86	1.20	0.12	2.00	454	167	-11	0.26	2.78
4	3 590.38	1.64	2.20	4.33	441	263	0.34	134	1.27	0.08	1.51	457	119	-16	0.38	4.94
5	3 595.90	1.70	1.96	3.62	362	213	0.35	115	1.45	0.29	1.71	440	118	-78	0.25	3.58
6	3 535.30	1.62	1.71	3.51	452	216	0.33	105	1.39	0.22	1.90	452	137	0	0.23	3.10
7	3 591.15	1.78	1.22	3.31	458	186	0.27	68	1.64	0.29	2.24	458	136	0	0.14	2.00
8	3 584.17	2.93	1.20	5.02	459	172	0.19	41	2.38	0.11	3.57	455	150	4	0.55	2.54
9	3 544.30	2.13	2.80	4.53	456	212	0.38	131	2.00	0.21	1.84	450	92	6	0.14	5.28

样品编号	井深/m	S_1-pseu/（mg/g）	S_2-pseu/（mg/g）	（S₁+S₂）_pseu/（mg/g）	PI_pseu	（S₁/S₂）_pseu	TOC_pseu/%	OSI_pseu/（mg/g）
1	3 462.83	0.89	1.45	2.34	0.38	0.61	0.17	528
2	3 466.47	1.36	1.68	3.04	0.45	0.81	0.33	417
3	3 567.95	1.12	1.66	2.78	0.40	0.68	0.26	430
4	3 590.38	2.11	2.83	4.94	0.43	0.75	0.38	560
5	3 595.90	1.67	1.91	3.58	0.47	0.87	0.25	679
6	3 535.30	1.50	1.60	3.10	0.48	0.94	0.23	644
7	3 591.15	0.91	1.09	2.00	0.46	0.84	0.14	655
8	3 584.17	1.06	1.48	2.54	0.42	0.72	0.55	194
9	3 544.30	2.58	2.70	5.28	0.49	0.96	0.14	1 885

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Geochemical parameters for evaluating shale oil enrichment and mobility： A case study of shales in the Bakken Formation， Williston Basin and the Shahejie Formation， Jiyang Depression

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实验系列	样品名称	固体重量/g					原油（正构烷烃）质量/g
实验系列	样品名称	蒙脱石	伊利石	碳酸钙	总质量	原油	C₂₀	C₂₁	C₂₂	C₂₄	C₂₈	C₃₂	C₃₆
1-1-1	混合矿物＋油	9	21	20	50	0.020 3	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-2	混合矿物＋油	9	21	20	50	0.059 2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-3	混合矿物＋油	9	21	20	50	0.105 4	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-4	混合矿物＋油	9	21	20	50	0.250 1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-5	混合矿物＋油	9	21	20	50	0.505 5	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-1-6	混合矿物＋油	9	21	20	50	1.007 1	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-2-1	沙三段页岩抽提残渣+油	—	—	—	40	0.326 2	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-2-2	沙三段页岩抽提残渣+烷烃	—	—	—	40	—	0.051 4	0.046 6	0.059 8	0.048 5	0.048 4	0.053 2	0.044 6
1-3-1	沙四段页岩抽提残渣+油	—	—	—	40	0.364 5	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
1-3-2	沙四段页岩抽提残渣+烷烃	—	—	—	40	—	0.046 5	0.059	0.053	0.058 5	0.059 2	0.048	0.049