松辽盆地深层中-基性火山岩有利相带及储层“甜点”逐级识别

doi:10.11743/ogg20240316

Abstract

Abstract:

Intermediate-basic volcanic rocks are extensively distributed in the deep Lower Cretaceous Huoshiling Formation of the Songliao Basin. However， their intricate lithologies and lithofacies， as well as the strong lateral heterogeneity of their reservoirs， complicate the prediction of reservoir sweet spots， restricting the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon resources. Focusing on the Chaganhua area， we investigate the lithofacies and reservoir characteristics of deep intermediate-basic volcanic rocks in the Songliao Basin and develop a methodology for identifying volcanic conduits， favorable lithofacies and lithologies， and reservoir sweet spots within the volcanic rocks. The key findings are as follows. （1） Three facies with six subfacies are primarily identified in the volcanic rocks. High-quality reservoirs predominantly comprise coarse- and fine-grained tuffs and tuffaceous sandstones. Reservoirs of the volcanic explosive facies are the most extensive in the proximal-middle facies belts. The distribution of tuffs with favorable lithologies is governed by the facies belts. Furthermore， the reservoir sweet spots of the volcanic rocks are primarily governed by their physical and gas-bearing properties. （2） For various volcanic eruptive phases， volcanic conduits are identified based on fracture density， along with the superimposed profiles of ant tracking and seismic data. This helps determine the proximal volcanic facies belts. Then， in combination with the thickness of volcanic edifices and the energy half-time attribute， the boundaries between middle-distance and distal volcanic facies belts are identified， facilitating the qualitative characterization of areas containing reservoir sweet spots. （3） To minimize the multiplicity of solutions in the quantitative prediction of intermediate-basic volcanic reservoirs using seismic data inversion， we preferentially employ low wave impedance， low density， and low Lame constant to characterize tuffs， reservoirs with high porosity as indicated by nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）， and gas layers， respectively. Accordingly， based on the porosity data volumes derived from pre-stack density inversion， we eliminate the interference from the sedimentary tuffs， low-porosity layers， and non-gas layers sequentially， obtaining reliable predictions of the spatial distribution of reservoir sweet spots. It is verified that the predicted results align with the distribution pattern of favorable facies belts and agree with interpretations of drilled gas layers. The qualitative identification and stepwise quantitative characterization of the spatial distribution of reservoir sweet spots based on favorable facies belts， have been successfully applied to well emplacement， yielding encouraging outcomes. Therefore， this methodology is highly applicable in the seismic prediction of sweet spot distribution in deep volcanic rocks.

Key words: stepwise identification, volcanic conduit, favorable facies belt, reservoir sweet spot, intermediate-basic volcanic rock, Songliao Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Ning LI, Ruilei LI, He MIAO, Kaifang CAO, Jun TIAN. Stepwise identification of favorable facies belts and reservoir sweet spots of deep intermediate-basic volcanic rocks in the Songliao Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 801-815.

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岩相	亚相	典型测井曲线特征	岩性特征
爆发相（水下）	气携水下热碎屑流亚相	低GR，高LLD，曲线形态为微齿，常与水携火山密度流亚相伴生产出	浅灰色、灰色凝灰岩，局部含火山角砾，发育粒序层理
爆发相（水下）	水携火山密度流亚相	中-高GR，中-高LLD，曲线形态为高幅指形，常与热碎屑流亚相互层产出	灰色、深灰色凝灰岩，夹薄层沉凝灰岩条带，发育层理构造
火山沉积相	含外碎屑火山沉积亚相	中-低GR，低LLD（<40 Ω·m），曲线形态为中幅指形	深灰色-灰黑色凝灰质砂岩、凝灰质泥岩，局部，块状构造，内部结构较均一
火山沉积相	再搬运火山碎屑沉积	中-高GR，低LLD（<40 Ω·m）特征，曲线形态为微齿-近平滑形态，局部夹薄层爆发相	深灰色-灰黑色沉凝灰岩，粒度细，块状构造，内部结构较均一
溢流相	上部	低GR，中LLD特征，曲线形态为低幅指化	气孔玄武岩、安山岩，常呈薄层产出
溢流相	下部	低GR，中LLD特征，曲线形态为箱形	玄武岩、安山岩，岩性均一，与顶底围岩突变接触

粗化岩类	岩性	测井曲线划分依据
熔岩类	玄武岩、安山岩	GR<80 API
凝灰岩类	粗粒凝灰岩、细粒凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩	GR>80 API，LLD>40 Ω·m
沉凝灰岩类	沉凝灰岩、极细粒凝灰岩	LLD<40 Ω·m

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Stepwise identification of favorable facies belts and reservoir sweet spots of deep intermediate-basic volcanic rocks in the Songliao Basin

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