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    25 December 1983, Volume 4 Issue 4
    ON THE DEVONIAN-CARBONIFEROUS BOUNDARY AND CORRELATION IN SOUTH CHINA
    Xiong Jianfei
    1983, 4(4):  337-352.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830401
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    The present paper is based on the study of conodont sequence of Uppermost Devonian and Lower Carboniferous collected from 15 sections in Guizhou province and adjacent areas of South China.As proposed by the author,the conodont sequence of Uppermost Devonian and the lower part of Lower Carboniferous consists respectively of 7 zones in South China.From below,they are: (Uppermost Devonian) 1.Palmatolepis crepida;2.Palmatolepis rhomboidea;3.Palmatolepis quadrantinodosa;4.Scaphignathus velifera;5.Polygnathus striacus;6.Bispathodus costatus;7.Siphonodella paresulcata;(Lower Carboniferous) 8.Siphonodella sulcata;9.Lower Siphonodella duplicata;10.Upper Siphonodella duplicata;11.Siphonodella sandbergi;12.Lower Siphonodella crenulata;13.Siphonodella isosticha-Upper Siphonodella rcenulata;14.Gnathodus semiglaber-G.cf.coneiformis.They can be well correlated with those of West Europe and North America (for Upper Devonian see Ziegler,W.,1962;for Lower Carboniferous see Sandberg,C.A.et al,1978—Tab.1 and 4).It is suggested that the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary should be drawn between the Siphonodella praesulcata zone and Siphonodella sulcata zone occurring in Muhua section of south Guizhou Province (see table 3).This section and its correlation with those of Guizhou Province and the adjacent areas are shown in fig.4 and 5.Based on the absence of Siphonodella praesulcata and Siphonodella sulcata,the "Wangyou formation" established by Wang C.Y.and Wang Z.H.(1978),may lack the basal part of the Lower Carboniferous sediments Therefore,the author set forth the Muhua formation to substitute the "Wangyou formation".

    MESO-CENOZOIC TECTONICS AND EVOLUTION OF RIFTOGENIC PETROLIFEROUS BASINS ALONG CHINA'S SEA AREA AND ITS VICINITY
    Zhang Kai, Zhang Qing, Yao Huijun, Gao Minyuan
    1983, 4(4):  353-364.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830402
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    Since Meso-Cenozoic,the China continental plate initiated a new plate tectonic cycle.The activity of convergence of the adjacent plate,espetially the Indian plate,resulted not only in extensive closing of the paleo-Tethys,but also in intense compression and collision against China's landmass,leading to crustal shortening,thickening,folding and extensive uplifting,accompanied by formation of some petroliferous basins controlled mainly by compression stress in West China.At the same time,activity of mantle plume was quite active in East China,which accelerated tectonic differentiation,extention and downwarping.As a result,in conjunction with additional activities such as subduction,compression and collision relative to the eastern Pacific plate,Philippine Sea plate and the southern Australia-Indian oceanic plate,as well as the precedent-tectonic difference,five types of extensional subsidence zones were developed parallel to intracontinental and proto-oceanic rift systems,accompanied by occurrence of petroliferous sedimentary basins under the influence of divergence which passing through continental to marine environment in their history of evolution.These zones and basins are 1) the paired back-arc epicontinental zone of subsidence with nearshore incipient rift basin,as examplified by Songliao in the north-east of China;2) ring-like extensional zone of subsidence with peninsula-embayment incipient rift basin,as examplified by Huabei and Pohai;3) extensional zone of subsidence in the domain of marginal sea with incipient rift of island type,sea-mount type,sea-floor plateau type and proto-oceanic rift system,as examplified by central trough in the South China Sea;4) pull-apart epicontinental extensional zone of subsidence with arc-continental collisional basin and inter-arc extensional basin,as examplified by those found in the East China Sea;5) small intracontinental extensional zone fo subsidence with incipient rift basins of intracontinental lake type,as examplified by those developed in Jianghan area.All these zones and basins have their own distinctive oil and gas reservoirs.Therefore,theoretically and practically it will be of definite significance to further study the tectonic development and evolution of series of gas and oil bearing basins in view of plate tectonics.

    GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF EAST CHINA SEA AND ITS OIL-AND GAS-BEARING PROPERTIES
    Liu Guangding
    1983, 4(4):  365-370.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830403
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    Emphasis is placed on geological structrure of the East China Sea and its oil and gas-bearing properties.Discussed first are geomorphic and geophysical features of the East China Sea and history of its evolution,and then divition of,and discussion on,geotectonie units are made on the basis of comprehensive regional investigation carried out by Bureau of Marine Geology,Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources.Finally,oil-and gas-bearing properties are dealt with and principal points for oil and gas exploration are also suggested.

    A DISCUSSION ON THE BASEMENT EVOLUTION OF UPPER YANGZI PLATFORM
    Han Yonghui, Kang Zhonglin
    1983, 4(4):  371-382.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830404
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    According to the sedimentation,magmatism,tectonics and isotopic data available from pre-Sinian basement rocks exposed along the margin of the upper Yangzi platform,it is suggested in view of stratigraphieal division that.1) the pre-Sibao (1700—1900 m.y.) magnisium-and iron-rich sediments,represented by Kongling group,are distributed along Sichuan-Jianghan region and controlled by the island chain composed of basic and ultrabasic rocks,they were subjected to regional metamorphism,migmatization and granization and finally turned to continental crust through consolidation;2) during Sibao period,the Sichaun-Jianghan continental crust largely emerged from water,with a miogeosyncline and a eugeosyncline lying parallel to north side which are similar to Atlantic type margin,while island-are type geosynclne,similar to Pacific type,along its south side.The Sibao movement (1400 m.y.) strongly influenced the south part and turned it into consolidated basement of continental crust;3) during Jinning period,the Jiangnan islandare continued its activities.At the same time,the back-are region,including north Guangxi and west Hunan,as well as Jianghan and east Sichuan,was evoluted into a miogeosyncline developed on a sialic crust.Carbonates and clastics,intercalated with intermediate-acidic volcanic rocks,formed along Kangdian Axis region with intermediate-acidic magnatic complexes placed in Kangdian Axis and Mr.Longmen area,implying an intensely active continental margin.The sedimentation in the ancient Qinlin Sea was continued from the preceeding eugeosyncline,but due to the compressive forces of Jinling movement (800 m.y.),exerted toward both the north-east and north-west,the entire basement of the upper Yangzi platform drifted northward,it was then finally closed and welded into Huabei platform.Thus the upper Yangzi platform completely cratonized and converted into continental crust;4) during Chengjiang period,a large part of the upper Yangzi platform recieved sedimentation,while the Kangdian Axis and Mr.Longmen mountain-building arc still continued its action,leading to further basement consolidation of the present area.Based on the evolution characteristics,the degree and style of consolidation,the texture of the basement,the platform discussed can be divided into.a) Sichuan-Jianghan region which accordingly subdivided into strongly consolidated Sichuan basin(At),with single tectostratigraphic unit,and eastern Sichuan and Jianghan region (A2),with binary tectostratigraphic units,the upper one being slightly cratonized and the lower one being strongly cratonized;b) north Guangxi,west Hunan and east Yunnan region with also binary tectostratigraphic units,the upper one being slightly cratonized and the lower one moderately cratonized: c) the Kangdian Axis region with triple tectostratigraphic units with distinct lateral heterogeneity;and d) WudangBikou region with single tectostratigraphic unit.

    KINETIC FEATURES OF THERMO-DEGRADATION OF KEROGENS IN OIL SHALES AND THEIR GEOCHEMICAL SIGNIFICANCES
    Zhang Dajiang, Huang Difan, Li Jinchao, Zhang Yali
    1983, 4(4):  383-393.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830405
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    The kinetic features of thermo-degradation of kerogen in unmatured oil shales and low-rank coals are studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis.The study indicates that there is no unitary reaction order and the apparent activation energy varies also in the entire process of the thermo-dagradation.The maturing process of kerogen can be ascribed to zero-order reaction and has lower average apparent activation energy;the oil generation process of matured kerogen can be ascribed to first-order reaction and has higher average apparent activation energy.The relation between the kerogen types and average apparent activation energies in maturing process can be given as E>E>E;while in oil generation process as E>E>E.

    EARLY EOCENE SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT OF JIANGHAN BASIN AND ITS OIL AND GAS POTENTIAL
    Yuan Bingcun, Chen Rongshu, Wan Jingping, Cai Xifen, Liu Anlin, Zhai Caiyu
    1983, 4(4):  395-402.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830407
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    In the early Eocene,Jianghan Basin was a shallow saline lake fed by rivers.Three types of sands were formed within this lake: deltaic sands,nearshore beach sands and offshore beach sands.Among them,the more important are Hougang deltaic sands which are composite,overlapped ones,and which were developed during the desalinating period.The principle features of the saline lacustrine and deltaic sediments are the antithetic and complementary to each other.Because of slight subsiding,lower rate of sedimentation,shallow water body and higher salinity at earlier Eocene,the basin studied was not favorable for organism breeding.Therefore,the abundance of organic matters in the basin was poor,with sapropel predominantion,and conditions for oil generation was less favorable.Though sands exist in this lacustrine basin which are favorable for oil accumulation,oil and gas reservoirs could be rarely formed.It seems that the potential region for searching small oil and gas fields might be to the cast where offshore lacustrine beach sands exist,and to the west where front deltaic sands exist.

    A TENTATIVE DISCUTION ON THE XINGLONGTAI VOTEX STRUCTURE
    Han Shuanmin
    1983, 4(4):  403-415.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830408
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    The Xinglongtai votex structure,in between the marjor Tai'an-Dawa fault and Shuangtaizi fualt,is situated slightly east of the central part of the western depression in the Liaohe basin.The pillar of strengh of this votex structure is represented by the ancient Xinglongtai buried hill and its rock slices between two rotation surfaces comprise two parts.The first one is composed of the southern and northern extremes of the Xinglongtai anticlinal strcture,accordingly being subdivided into southern and northern sets of tenso-shearing rock slices of brush structures;the second one is composed of Shuangtaizi anticlinal structure,Lengdong stepfaulting zone and approximately parallel to them arcuate fractural zone,which can be subdivided into eastern and western sets of compressoshearing rock slices of brush structures.The outer side of the rotation surface is shifted anticlockwise,while the inner side relatively clockwise.The coupling forces ensuing from the relative displacement of the Tai'an-Dawa fault and Shuangtaizi fault under the influence of the N-S sinistral shearing caused the rock mass in between them to rotate around the Xinglongtai buried hill.At the same time,Chenjia,Panshan and Qinshui synelines also shifted anticlockwise.The accumulation of the oil and gas and their changes in plan are under control of the rotationary shear stress.1) the Xinglongtai oil field,lying in the central part of the votex structure,is tectonioally the best position for oil enrichment,and the far away from it,the poorer the enrichment would be;2) while in rotation surfaces,the dissolved gas increases,the oil-gas and oil-water interfaces lowering,the quality of oil and gas bettering,and the content of methane increasing in an antielockwise order;3) the nature of the crude oil contained in the pillar of strengh is on the contrary worse than that in the surrounding rock slices between rotation surfaces;and 4) the rotation shear stress has controlled both the generation and accumulation of the oil and gas.

    A METHOD FOR ESTIMATE GAS POTENTIAL AFTER FINISHING FIRST WATER-PRODUCING WILDCAT
    Yang Jiaqi, Qin Chengming
    1983, 4(4):  416-422.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830409
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    Is there any possibility of succeeding in gaining gas flux,if drilling is required to be continued after water-bearing horizon is tapped by the first wildcat on an anticlinal structure? Here,the writers propose a method intending to estimate the gas potential of related structure,which is based on calculation of the initial satuated pressure of gas contained in formation water based on pressure and temperature of well head,as well as mineralization and density.

    A BRIEF DESCRIPTION ON MESO-CENOZOIC CONTINENTAL BASINS IN CHINA,——IN LIEU OF INTRODUCTION TO THE ATLAS OF STRATIGRAPHICAL CORRELATION OF CHINESE SEDIMENTARY BASINS IN ASIAN AND PACIFIC REGIONS
    1983, 4(4):  423-430.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830410
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    Since late Proterozoic to Middle Triasic,China's sedimentological strata are predominently marine sediments.After that,large part of ancient China Sea reversed into continent,thus initiating a new history of development of continental basins.The important features of China's continental basins are their development by stages which are clearly under control of regionally comparable episodes.The episodes occurred since Meso-Cenozoic time are,the pre-Late Jurassic,pre-Middle Cretaceous,pre-Eocene and pre-Oligocene,etc.They are not only the prevailing factors for division of development stages of continental basins,but also main geological account for stratigraphical division and correlation.On the basis of temporal and spacial relationship of both formation and evolution of continental basins,they can roughly be classified into following major types,such as trough-basin,widened-basins and platform-basin.Each of these types has its own specific shape,configuration,lithofacies and mineral resources.Their formation and distribution depend on the way of the geological stress behaves and the difference in boundary conditions.It is due to superimposition in space and time that produces a unified basin of present shape,but essentially comprising various types of basins.On the contrary,there are some basins which seem to be discrete at present,but originally they might be unified ones.These cases are not only common,but also have their influence on the formation,accurriulation and redistribution of oil and gas,even other minerals.So,this study is of practical significance for oil and gas prospecting and exploration.

    SEISMIC MODELLING OF GEOLOGICAL PATTERNS AND PROGNOSIS OF Es3 SAND BODIES IN WUHAOZHUANG-ZHUANGXI AREA
    Lu Chunyu, Yang Xinmin, Ma Yuxi
    1983, 4(4):  431-440.  doi:10.11743/ogg19830411
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    The seismic reflection characteristics were analysed for several morphological patterns common in lacustrine sand bodies by means of the seismic analogue technique and experimental work has been carried out for prospecting medium to small sand bodies in Wuhaozhuang-Zhuangxi area of Jiyang depression,using seismic stratigraphic method.In this article,more detailed diseription is given of the seismic analogue profiles,the waveform characteristics and reflection structure of the medium and small sized sand bodies obtained from these sections,such as horizontal stacking,stacked offset,synthetic sonic logging,deconvolution and the like recorded in this area have been also discribed in detail.Meanwhile,in respect to exploration of non-anticlinal reservoirs,prognosis of distribution trend of sand bodies in middle and lower parts of member Es3 of present area has been made in combination with data on geology,drilling and seismic stratigraphy,etc.,and their oil and gas potential has also been evaluated.