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Table of Content

    25 September 1999, Volume 20 Issue 3
    GENESIS OF CENOZOIC BASINSIN THE EASTERN MARGIN OF EURASIA PLATE:DEXTRAL PULLING APART
    Xu Junyan, Zhang Lingyun
    1999, 20(3):  187-191.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990301
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    All Cenozoic basinsin the east margin of Eurasia Plate have delimited by Y,Rand R'fractures.Such geo metrical similarities between the basins of different magnitudes suggest that all of them are dextral pull apart basins. The dextral pulling apartstarted at the beginning of collision between India and Eurasia Plates and developed during the north retreat process of Eurasia Plate which led to right lateral shearing subduction zone between Pacific and Eura sia Plates.The unique backarc basins resulted from the unique collision between India and Pacific Plates.The tectonic evolution ofthem can be divided intothree first order stages:(1)pull-apart rifting (45 Ma~17 or 15 Ma)stage;(2) compression uplifting (around 17 Ma~15 Ma);(3)postrfifting (17 or 15 Ma~0 Ma)stage.

    GEOCHEMICAL EVIDENCES OF INORGANIC ORIGIN FOR OILSIN LIAOHE FAULTED DEPRESSION
    Zhang Jinglian, Zhu Bingquan, Chen Yixian, Tu Xianglin, Wang Darui, Zhang Chengjun
    1999, 20(3):  192-194.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990302
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    Trace element contents of six crude oil samplesin Liaohe Depression are analysed by IPC-MS.The results show thatexcepting Ni,V,Li,thet race element contents of crude oils are very low,V/Ni ratio is 0.02~0.04,which is lowerthan that of the world oils.Crude oils can reflect the deficite geologic tectonic environment.The very low ratio of Liaohe crude oils might relateto depletion mantle.The rare earth element contents arelow.The REE distribution curve of Hai 13-39 crude oil suggests that it is related to mid-ocean ridge basalts.

    CONFIRMATION OF EAST WEST STRUCTURAL BELTIN SHAAN GAN NING BASIN AND ITS GAS ACCUMULATING SIGNIFICANCE
    Fang Guoqing, Wang Duoyun, Lin Xixiang, Zhang Xiaobao, Liu Deliang
    1999, 20(3):  195-198,202.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990303
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    An east-west structural belt which extends from Ertuok Bannerin the northto Dinbian Jingbian in the south developed in middle Shaan-Gan-Ning Basin.It was a shallow platform depressionin early middle stage of Early Paleo zoic,a karst depression during the formation stage of Ordovician top weathered crust,a sea land transitional zone in mid late stage of Late Paleozoic,a lake landtransitional zone in the Mesozoic,and the boundary line between north and south Shaan-Gan-Ning in the Cenozoic.The typical characteristics of the belt is lower amplitude,that is,the lithofacies and strata thickness of the belt are similar to the adjoining area,the difference of strata thickness is only several hun dred merters.This property made it difficult to find the belt.Along this belt,two centers of source rocks and multi deltaic sedimentary systems of Upper and Lower Paleozoic widely developed and connected there.The sand bodies that stacked are good reservoir rocks.Five gas fields (gas accumulation zone),i.e.,Hengshanpu,Changqing,Tianchi, Zhenchuanpu have been discoveried.

    POST ALTERATION STAGES AND STRESS FIELD EVOLUTION OF BASINS
    Liu Xiaoxiang, Liu Chiyang, Zhao Zhongyuan, He Juan
    1999, 20(3):  199-202.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990304
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    Sedimentary basins of China underwent post-sedimentary alteration.The alteration could be divided into five stages,i.e.,tiny,feeble,medium,strong and bally strong alteration stages,and each of them resulted in comparative alteration basins.The shrinking,dying out of sedimentary basins were closely linked to the evolution of tectonic stress fields of the place they located.Altered by compressive stress field,sedimentary basins could form three kinds of alteration basins,namely reversal,successive and strike slip type alteration basins.Since they have different charateristics in source resevoir cap rocks and distribution as well as in preservation states,it thus suggests that the thoughts and methods on petroleum prospecting of each kind of alteration basin must be different.

    STRUCTURAL FAULT TERRACE AND SAND BODY PREDICTION:AN EXAMPLE FROM FULIN AREA,ZHANHUA SAG
    Cheng Rihui, Zheng Herong, Lin Changsong
    1999, 20(3):  203-206.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990305
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    Structural fault terrace zone incloses steep and gentle slopes.The control of the both kinds of slopes on sandbodies are different due to topography.During lowstand,alluvial fan,fan delta developed on steep slope while fluvial plain,small alluvial fan and fan delta developed on gentle slope.During progression period,fan head,midfan and far end of alluvial fan or fan delta devloped on different fault terraces,turbidite fan and gravity flow deposites developed on deep depressed position,while retrogradation of predepositional sandbodies developed on the gentle slope.During high stand,wedge and lense shaped deposits of delta progradation developed on the whole ares.Besides,fault activities and their migration directions also influenced the distribution of sandbodies.These regularities could be used to predict sandbodied on seismic profile.

    CORRELATION OF GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN COALS AND CRUDE OILS IN SANTANGHU BASIN
    Zhang Zhihuan, Guan Qiang, Yang Anchen
    1999, 20(3):  207-211.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990306
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    Coal measures in Santanghu Basin mainly developed in Jurassic Xishanyao and Badaowan Formations.The test results of 30 samples collected in 4 wells indicate that the abundance and extractable contents of organic matter in the coal measures are both high,n-alkane possesses odd even predominance;the ratio of Pr/Ph is 1.25~8.17;n-sterane has evident C29predominance;C31hopane content is high and gammacerane content is low;kerogen carbon isotopes are-2.279% and-2.413%,the vitrinite reflectance is 0.50%~0.62% which is well in hydrocarbon generation period.The other geochemical characteristics differ clearly from the extracts of Jurassic and Permian oil bearing cores.This suggests that Jurassic coal measures generated hydrocarbon is still in the coal measures,it means the coal measures made no contribution to the area's oil and gas accumulation.It thus concludes that we should pay more attention to the expulsion conditions of coal formed hydrocarbon in the study of coal-formed hydrocarbon.

    FACTOR ANALYSIS OF AFFECTING SPATIAL DIRECTION FILTERING
    Zhang Yufen, Zhou Jianxin
    1999, 20(3):  212-215.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990307
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    The thought of polarization filtering is proved to be correct with theoretical two component(X,Z)seismic recording processing.The results of Various filtering parameters affecting two component seismic record filtering show:(1)polarization direction's weight value(q)is the largest affecting factor,polarization filtering time windows(N)is secondary and polarization degree's weight value(p)has little effect on filtering parameters of the filter,(2)seismic records of different components,different distances between shot and collect and different depths must be processed by different filtering parameters.As long as correct filtering parameters of filter are selected,satisfied filtering results can be acquired.

    PLASTIC DEFORMATION AND OIL GAS TRAPS OF CARBONIFEROUS SALT BODY IN NORTHERN TARIM BASIN
    Zhou Jiangyu, Lin Zhongmin, Zhou Linfang, Luo Chuanrong, Wang Xiepei, Xiao Zhaohui
    1999, 20(3):  216-219,223.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990308
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    On the analysis of tectonic depositional setting,the Carboniferous salt bearing set in North Tarim Basin mainly formed in the hot and dry evaporating lagoon environment of beach intertidal zone controlled by sea level changes with the thickness of 80~221 m.Under the influence of regional tectogenesis,the salt body underwent three times of plastic fluxion in geological history.The first time was in the late stage of Early Permian,the salt flowed 2~2.8 km southwards;the second time was in Late Triassic Early Jurassic,the salt flowed 1~2.8 km southwards again;the third time was in the end of Tertiary,the salt turned to flow northwards for 0.5~1.2 km.The salt flow resulted in several kinds of structural traps mainly including salt ridge anticline,salt dome and salt edge syncline.It has been proved by facts that the salt ridges are major oil and gas bearing structures while the rest two kinds should also be taken into considerable account.

    DETERMINATION OF OIL RESERVOIR WETTABILITY IN TWO PHASE DISPLACEMENT EXPERIMENT OF SANDROCK MODEL
    Zhu Yushuang, Qu Zhihao, Kong Lingrong, Chen Rong, Li Jinfeng
    1999, 20(3):  220-223.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990309
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    The reservoir's wettability can be determined in the displacement experiment of oil and water with the natural sandstone micromodels.A lot of information is used in the experiment.Some details should be noticed:1.the reliability of the natural sandstone micromodels and the experimental fluid should be noticed,and various factors that may probably effect the reservoir's wettability should be considered in making the model;2.the wettability determining methods should be correct.When using the distribution state of oil and gas to determine reservoir wettability in displacing oil by water or after the displacement,other methods should be synthesized;when using the interface of oil and water to determine reservoir wettability,the interface in thick and thin pore passages should be observed together,and the affection of wettability hysteresis should be avoided;when using the automatic suction quantity of oil and water to determine reservoir's wettability,it should be carried out under the similar fluid state in pore space.

    PREDICTION ON PINCH TRAPS OF BRAIDED DELTAIC SANDBODIES IN SOUTHERN PART OF AKEKULE RISE
    Pu Renhai, He Faqi, Yuan Lizhen, Song Shanling
    1999, 20(3):  224-227.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990310
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    Following methods were adopted to predict the pinch out traps of braided deltaic sandbodies in southern part of Akekule Rise:1.drilling profile correlation was made in the study area and two pinch out were found on the top of Akekule Rise and Paleo sag respectively;2.seismic response was used to trace the pinch outs and the weak blank reflection corresponded well with the pinch outs;3.forward model was made to verify the pinch outs.The results indicate that short distance rapid pinch outs developed in the braided river deltaic sandbodies in southern Akekule Rise.It thus predicted that there are two sandstone pinch out traps with the areas of 56 km2 and 160 km2 respectively in the middle and lower oil reservoir set.The traps,situated on the passageway of multiphase oil migration since late Cretaceous with fractures as the passageways,are easy to trap oil and gas and are prospects in oil and gas exploration.

    SEISMIC RESPONSE PROPERTIES OF CARBONATE ROCK OIL POOLS IN LUNNAN REGION
    Xu Feng, Yang Jinhua, Zhang Yaotang, Xu Zhenhong
    1999, 20(3):  228-231.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990311
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    Seismic response properties of Ordovician carbonate rock oil pools in Lunnan Region,Tarim Basin are evidence:1.the impedance differentiae of the carbonate rocks with well developed fractures change smaller,the reflection energy decreases thus resulting in decrease of reflection amplitude;2.high frequency of the fracture developed area damp out quickly,so the reflection frequency decreases;3.if the fractures are filled with liquid,the ratio of formation absorbing seismic wave will considerably increase;4.the wave impedance of fracture fluid is much lower than that of fractures with no fluid.According to drilling statistical analysis,the coincidence rates of the first three terms are as high as 87%~90%,but the last one is only 65% since reservoir spaces are extremely heterogeneous and this effects lateral resolution.

    ANALYSIS OF CONTROL FACTORS FOR CAP SEALING OIL AND GAS IN TAIBEI SAG,TURPAN HARMI BASIN
    Niu Jiayu
    1999, 20(3):  232-236.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990312
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    When microscopic sealing features satisfy oil reservoir sealing height,the major oil and gas sealing factors of Taibei Sag in Turpan Harmi Basin are related to caprock thickness,stable plane distribution,fault development and activities.Within two caprock sets of the study area,the Qiketai Formation argillaceous overpressure interval,second set caprock with 20 MPa overpressure and more than 200 m thickness which is the nearly covers the whole sag with continuous and stable distribution,and effectively seals the underlying two stages of oil and gas and more than 95% oil and gas reserves.The faults formed in Himalaya Stage in the east part of Sansan Region made less damage on oil and gas,two sets of caprocks preserved completely,and oil gas distribution thus ketp the original style.In the west part of the region,the fault activities were intensive,the two sets of regional caprocks were broken and the original oil gas distribution style was destoried.This is favourable for the formation of oil and gas reservoirs in Himalaya stage.

    TECTONIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FORELAND THRUST BELT IN HETIAN SECTION,NORTH MARGIN OF WEST KUNLUN
    Luo Jinhai, He Dengfa
    1999, 20(3):  237-241.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990313
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    The analysis of the western Kunlun foreland thrust belt in Hetian Region shows that the structural style of the thrust belt changed greatly along its strike.In the eastern part of the Duwa River,its frontal zone consists of 2~3 south dipping second order thrusts that disappeared upwards into the overlying fault propagation fold;in the western part of the Duwa River,its frontal zone is north dipping backthrust which is a part of the triangle zone.The genetic analysis of the thrust belt indicates that the difference of the detachment depths along its strike resulted in different structural styles.The western section detached mainly along the Mid Cambrian sole,but the eastern section detached mainly along the Tertiary sole.

    GLACIAL EVENT SEDIMENTS OF EARLY SINIAN NANTUO STAGE IN THE EAST OF THE THREE GORGES
    Guo Chengxian, Zhai Yonghong, Ling Yonggang, Chen Fengxi
    1999, 20(3):  242-245.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990314
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    During Early Sinian Nantuo Stage,three sets of incompleted glacial advance glacial recession sedimentary cycles composed of glacial drift and aqueoglacial facies developed in the eastern Yangtze Gorges.In 1980s,the sediments that were glacigenous or acryogenic had once been the point at issue.But that the section of Nantuo Formation in Wangfenggang has no debris flow sedimentary structure,two wine tillite beds only reflect the enriching pattern of the origenal component of glacial till before the formation of glacier but not the mark of hort paleoclimate.According to the facts that no marine intercalated bed,no wave and tidal flow structures could be foundin the Nantuo Formation drift sheet,and rapid lateral changes could be found there,the sediments of the study area are suggested to be continental glacial sediments of low latitude and low altitude ice sheet type.This could be interpreted by global glacial ring model.

    RELATIONSHIP OF PETROLEUM SYSTEM TO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY
    Chen Jianyu, Zhu Mangzhen
    1999, 20(3):  246-249.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990315
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    The basic principles of organic geochemistry and research methods are the foundations for recognizing and classifying petroleum system,and source rock is the most important factor among all the four factors of pool forming.The number of different sets of source rocks in a basin is the number of petroleum systems of it.If a basin contains two or more sets of superimposed source rocks,there would form multiple petroleum system.Such kind of petroleum system usually developed in the Eogene fault depressed basins in East China and multicycle basins in West China.The time of hydrocarbon generation,expulsion and accumulation could be determined through the analysis and correlation of biomarkers of the system.Multiphase of oil generation indicates that the system underwent multiphase of reformation.

    RECOGNITION OF SUSPICIOUS OIL RESERVOIR IN MAO 62-92 WELL,TUOTAI OILFIELD
    Zhang Juhe, Feng Zihui, Fang Wei, Zhou Yuliang, Yan Yan, Ning Xiaoling, Sun Dong
    1999, 20(3):  250-251.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990316
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    Crude oil produced in Mao 62-92 injection well in Tuotai Oilfield,Daqing Oilfields differs differently from the crude oil of recovery bed from production well(Fuyu Yangdachengzi oil reservoir)in geochemical properties:1.the density and residual carbon of the crude oil are low;2.the contents of paraffin,saturated hydrocarbon and aromatic hydrocarbon are high;3.whole hydrocarbon index differs clearly from that of recovery bed crude oil.But that the geochemical properties of injection well crude oil are similar to that of Putaohua oil reservoir in neighbouring oilfield,this indicates that the crude oil of the injection well is buried shallower than that of producton well,that is to say,the first one belongs to Putaohua oil reservoir.

    EXPLORING DIRECTION OF PETROLEUM IN CAOHU SAG, NORTHERN TARIM
    Fu Qiang, Wang Jialing, Zhou Zuyi
    1999, 20(3):  252-254,259.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990317
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    Caohu Sag is located in the northern extensional part of Manjiar Depression,North Tarim.The main source rock is the Cambrian Ordovician carbonate rock,and the major period of oil generation in Cambrian was in Middle Caledonian Late Hercynian period;that of Ordovician was Hercynian Yenshan period.The source rock of the above mentioned periods used to generate and expel large amount of oil and gas.The oil and gas migrated respectively in Late Paleozoic Early Jurassic and Early Miocene Quaternary along Cambrian and Ordovician sediments to the west,north and east sides.The northern and eastern parts of the sag uplifted intensively during late Hercynian,the erosion lasted for 40 Ma.As a result,not only the Permian sediments there were eroded completely,but also the oil and gas that had generated before escaped along faults.That is why more than ten wells drilled there are all dry.As for the Carboniferous and Triassic traps formed on the slope between Caohu sag and Ackule uplift,they should be taken as targets of oil and gas exploration since they formed earlier,underwent small damage,oil and gas there have seldem escaped.

    HIERARCHIC ANALYSIS METHOD USED IN SEDIMENTARY FACIES QUANTITATIVE RECOGNITION
    Ou Chenghua, Chen Jingshan
    1999, 20(3):  255-259.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990318
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    Hierarchic analysis method used in sedimentary facies quantitative recognition can improve the analytic accuracy and correction of sedimentary facies.The facies markers that are used in determining facies types are characterited by typical hierarchic properties.These properties could be used as important quantitative indexes(weight).Combining with Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation,hierarchic analysis method could be used to recognize facies types.A quantitative recognation example of Permian marine carbonate facies in Jingshan section of Central Hubei Depression suggests that this method is effective and the correct ratio is up to 78%~88%.

    DEVELOPMENT COUNTERMEASURES AND PROSPECTS OF OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION IN SICHUAN BASIN
    Luo Zhili
    1999, 20(3):  260-262.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990319
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    Sichuan Basin is characterized by special architecture,complicated reservoir forming condition,rich natural gas and poor oil resources.Gas exploration in the basin has vast vistas but will be more and more difficult.In order to support the continuous economic developments of Sichuan Province and Chongqi City,it is necessary to adopt the new energy countermeasure of "import oil and export gas"actively and safely.

    DEVELOPMENT OF GEOLOGICAL THEORY AND INDUSTRY FOR NATURAL GASES IN CHINA
    Shi Xin, Shi Baoheng
    1999, 20(3):  263-266.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990320
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    The development of China's natural gas geological theory could be divided into two stages:gas exploration guided by the theory of single oil type gas during 1949~1980;the theory of coal formed gas since 1980.Now 40% of natrual gas is used in industrial chemicals.It is predicted that in the coming century,natural gas will be widely used in electric power,urban civil use,commercial,industrial chemicals and automobile as an important source of energy.The demands on natural gas would increase rapidly,domestic gas production would not meet the needs.In order to improve China's natural gas industry,it is suggested that:1.put gas exploration in the first place and increase energy resources assurance;2.lay equal stress on both gas exploration,exploilation and processing;3.make use of natural gas resources of both at home and abroad and open domestic and foreign markets;4.ensure the balance of gas supply and demands.

    VIEW TWENTIETH CENTURY IN RETROSPECT FOR CHANGES OF WORLD OIL GAS PRODUCTION
    Zhang Xiaoming
    1999, 20(3):  267-272.  doi:10.11743/ogg19990321
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    Petroleum is a sensitive factor which affects the international economy and politics but is also affected by them,and the world petroleum production is the comprehensive reflection of mutual relationship and sensitive factor.The processes of world petroleum production in the twentieth century can be classified into following two stages and five periods:1.Before 1980,the producton of world petroleum increased at higher speed on the whole.According to the increasing speed,two periods can be roughly divided:(a)Before 1970,with the exception of the period of Second World War,the production of world petroleum had been doubled every ten years.(b)In 1970~1979,the increasing production set a new record in 1979 although the speed of increasing declined.2.Since 1980,three different periods with unique characteristics can be identified according to two major risings and fallings of the world petroleum production.(a)During 1980~1989,the petroleum production,with "V-shape"and great increasing,changed frequently.(b)Between 1990 and 1995,the petroleum production,with"u-shape",increased at the lower speed.(c)In 1996~1998,petroleum production increased at the higher speed and hit an all time high.The world petroleum production is closely related to the two petroleum crises,lran lrag war and gulf crisis,the disintegration of former USSR,and the rise and fall of petroleum price,and also related to the global economy,political struggle,supply and demand of petroleum,the war and political situation among the major countries of petroleum production.