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Table of Content

    25 September 1997, Volume 18 Issue 3
    MINIATURE DIFFERENTIAL ACCUMULATION IN CARBONATE FRACTURE SYSTEM IN SOUTHEAST SICHUAN
    Jiang Ziang, Xiong Ying, Dong Rongxiang, He Xuemeng, Liu Xuning
    1997, 18(3):  171-176,194.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970301
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    Miniature differential accumulation exists in carbonate fracture system in Southeast Sichuan.The formation,distribution and transformation of the accumulation were controlled by horizontal torsion stress field;its existence is related to considerable tectonic stress field remained.The miniature defferential accumulation is composed of migration drive system,accumulation drive system and passage system.The driving force is caused by the closure strain contractancy of regional major tensile fracture;water and gas accumnlations result from the tensile strain dilatancy of the local tensile fracture.The geological model of this kind of accumulation in South Sichuan includes height transformation and fault displacement types,which could describe the distribution regularity of oil and water,and provide theoritical basis for discovering hidden fracture reservoirs.

    AN APPROACH TO LATE MESOZOIC ESCAPE TECTONICS IN LOWER YANGTZE REGION
    Shang Yanjun, Xia Bangdong, Lin Heming, Du Yanjun
    1997, 18(3):  177-182.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970302
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    Lower Yangtze Region is situated in front of Qingling-Dabie Orogenic Belt.Its structural activities had been controlled by strike-slip faults since Ladinian Stage of Middle Triassic.Within the limit of strike-slip faults at its south and north margins,the Lower Yangtze Landmass appeared as a wedge that was narrow in the southwest part and wide in the northeast part in Late Mesozoic.Late Cretaceous basin group distributed regularly in the wedge.Basins in southwest part are in long-narrow strip-form of small scales stretching NE-NNE,foot-hill facies and alluvial-pluvial fan facies of oxidation condition devloped well;in the northeast part,Subei Basin is in planar form stretching E-W with lacustrine deposits formed under reduction condition;basins in the central part are sinistral oblique arranged striking NNE direction,their sedimentary facies and depositional environment are between those of the above mentioned two kinds.The results of geologic survey suggest that the evolution and distribution of fault structures,sedimentary and igneous rocks within this area show corresponding regularities with the above mentioned ones.This indicates that,in Late Mesozoic,the Lower Yangtze wedge landmass fled towards northeast with the southwest part to be compressional zone,the northeast part to be extensional zone,and the central part to be transitional zone,just like Anatotian tectonic escape system formed in Cenozoic in Turkey.

    HIATUS AND STRATIGRAPHIC COMPLETENESS ESTIMATION
    Wu Zhiyong, Guo Jianhua, Wu Dongsheng
    1997, 18(3):  183-188.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970303
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    Extensive occurrence of hiatus in geological record imposes bad effects on the study of chronostratigraphic correlation,organic evolution,catastrophic or episodic depositional layers,and on analysis precise.Hiatus could be classified into syn-depositional and post-depositional ones according to their formation stages,and into micro,small,median,large and giant ones according to their scales.The micro and small hiatus generally formed in syngenetic stages;the large and giant ones resulted from global eustatic movements,paleogeographic and paleoclimatic changes,tectonic activities in epigenetic stage;the median ones formed in both the syngenetic and epigenetic stages.The completeness of a stratigraphic section is defined as the fraction of time intervals of some specified length(t) that left a record.The value of the completeness of any section is less than one but greater than zero.How to determine the completeness of a section is still a unsolved problem.In recent ten years or more,some research workers proposed a number of approaches such as the ratio between long-term and short-term sedimentation rates,the ratio of thicknesses between a section and globle average synchronous deposits,tired trace fossiles and paleomagnetic data methods.These methods have laid down a firm foundation for future work.

    AN APPROACH TO ESSENTIAL ISSUES OF COALBED GAS GEOLOGY
    Sun Wanlu, Yin Wenmin, Wang Shuhua, Fan Mingzhu
    1997, 18(3):  189-194.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970304
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    Coalbed gas is a kind of unconventional and coal formed gas that is mainly composed of methane.The gas is preserved in 3-D reservoir networks in the coalbeds.Its reserve is much greater than that of free gas and dissolved gas preserved in pores and fractures.It is this property that decides the gas migrating and dispersing weakly and preserving easily in large areas.In geological evolution,the existence of stable post structures,complete hydrodynamic system and well sealed coalbeds are necessary for the formation of coalbed gas reservoirs.China's five tectonic regions are situated respectively in stable regions(represented by continent blocks)and active regions(represented by continental margins).Among them,Tarim-North China and South China regions are stable ones,the coal-forming stages of the regions were favourable for the formation and preservation of coalbed basin.

    RESERVE CALCULATION OF FRACTURE CAVED WATER BEARING GAS RESERVOIRS IN DENSE CARBONATE ROCKS-AN EXAMPLE OF LOWER PERMIAN GAS POOLS
    Lu Zhengyuan, Wang Honghui, Zhang Gaoxin, Wang Shouchong
    1997, 18(3):  195-198.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970305
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    The fracture caved gas reservoirs of Lower Permian in Sichuan Basin are a kind of dense carbonate monotonic fracture caved reservoirs.The total subsurface space volume of the reservoirs is not large,the formation water body is limited and no areal continuous water exists. The elastic drive energy of formation water in the reservoirs would be negligible,formation water outflow is the result of gas elastic drive rather than the intrusion of edge water or bottom water. On this base, the water-gas reservoir of monotonic fracture cave type could be considered as a whole, and the reservoirs space would remain unchanged.Thus the reserve calculating equation of the reservoir could be deduced:G=(Wp/Bg)+Gp / Pi/Zi-P/Z/ Pi/Zi.As for those produce water only,this equation could also be used to calculate the gas reserve above formation water after a period of water outflow.

    C1CHEMICAL WATERSHUTOFF TEST OF CHANG-6 RESERVOIR MICROMODEL IN ANSAI OILFIELD
    Sun Wei
    1997, 18(3):  199-203.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970306
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    PHMP was used in chemical water-shutoff test of chang-6 reservoir micromodel of Ansai Oilfield.The micromodel was made of grinded oil rock cores so as to keep the reservoir pore texture. Test result indicates that using PHMP as plugging agent in chemical water-shutoff could get evident effect. The plugging process is as follow:absorbed water film→ dynamic trapping →physical plugging→viscoelastic plugging. According to the ultralow permeability of the reservoir, its better to chose low density of plugging agent in the study area.The best ones are those with density between 20%~40%.

    FLUID DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF UPPER TRIASSIC RESERVOIR IN WEST SICHUAN FORELAND BASIN
    Zhao Yongsheng
    1997, 18(3):  204-209,215.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970307
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    The Upper Triassic reservoir in west Sichuan foreland basin has experienced normal compaction and ancompaction. Restored paleofluid dynamic field shows that Upper Triassic fluids premarily migrated towards lower fluid potential area and central Sichuan in the late stages of the Early and Late Jurassic;Jiangyou,Mianzhu,Xiaoqian,Sansuchang,Sumatou and Sandawan regions are favourable places for hydrocarbon accumulation.

    SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHY OF JURASSIC IN TAIBEI SAG,TURPAN-HAMI BASIN
    Li Wenhou
    1997, 18(3):  210-215.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970308
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    4 sequences and 10 sedimentary system tracts could be identified in the sedimentary strata of the Jurassic in Taibei Sag of the Turpan-Hami Basin. The lowstand system tract,transgressive system tract and highstand system tract developed under the control of ancient structure,paleotopagraphy, paleoclimate, sediment supply, and so on. In this paper,the sequence stratigraphy of the Jurassic in Taibei Sag is studied on the basis of geological,seismic, well logging and geochemical data. It is considered that sedimentary framework of the sag experienced great changes in Jurassic. From south to north,fluvial,swamp and lake deposits developed well in Early Middle Jurassic.Braid river deltaic and lake deposits developed in Middle Jurassic;and braid river,lake and fan deltaic deposits developed in Middle-Late Jurassic.Among them, coal bed of swamp and mudstone of deep-lake are good hydrocarbon soure rocks, braid river delta,fan delta and river channel sand bodies are good reservoirs, and lake mudstone is good cover rock. They constitute vertically favourable source reservoir-cap rock assemblages.

    MIOCENE SEISMIC VELOCITY FACIES IN RUILI BASIN,WESTERN YUNNAN
    Chen Buke
    1997, 18(3):  216-220,235.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970309
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    Seismic-velocity facies is that velocity data is used in conventional seismic facies study.This includes:1 using drilling data in the study of correspondence between velocity and lithologic characers;2 using double well seismic profile in bridge type correlation in order to find out the correspondency between velocity colour scale and lithologic characters and determine different velocity facies.The Miocene in Ruili Basin,Western Yunnan Province could be divided into hilly complex foreset high velocity facies,sheet subparallel mid-velocity facies,sheet parallel low velocity facies,hilly complex high velocity facies and 4 relative sedimentary facies such as fan deltaic facies,shore-shallow lake facies,mid deep lake facies and near shore subequeos fan facies.

    WATERFLOODING IS NOT THE MAIN CAUSE OF LOW RECOVERY EFFICIENCY OF CHANG-6 RESERVOIR IN ANSAI OILFIELD
    Zhu Yushuang, Kong Lingrong, Qiu Zhihao, Sun Wei, Liu Baojun
    1997, 18(3):  221-223.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970310
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    Ansai Oilfield is a oilfield with particularly low permeablilty,Chang-6 oil reservoir is the main one.Waterflooding started in the early producing stage.The geotemperature decreased 2.18℃~4.11℃ from 1986 to 1996 AD.,and crude oil viscosity increased 0.094~0.177 mPa ·s.Simulation result indicates that the maximum viscosity would not surpass 3.4 mPa·s (when geotemparature decreases from 50℃ to 20℃)by waterflooding.It is considered that waterflooding has very little influence on Chang-6 reservoir recovery efficiency.

    MODERN HYDROGEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS AND OIL-GAS ACCUMULATION IN WENJISANG,TURPAN-HAMI BASIN
    Feng Qiao
    1997, 18(3):  224-227.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970311
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    Since Jurassic,the hydrogeological function of Wenjisang in Turpan-Hami Basin could be divided into two circles and four stages.From the late stage of Late Jurassic to Cretaceous,infiltration hydrogeological function was predominated and fluid alternation was active.This was an important period for hydrocarbon generation and accumulation as well as for reservoir formation.The formation water near the fault belt in the study area was reformed by infiltration water,but that the formation water far off the fault belt was confined well.The lower energy area of the Sanjianfang Formation that is calculated by UVZ method fits well with discovered oil and gas fields.

    EVOLUTION OF OIL RESERVOIRING IN AKEKULE UPLIFT,TARIM BASIN
    Mou Zehui, Xiong Haihe, Zhu Hongquan, Yang Keming, Zhang Keyin
    1997, 18(3):  228-230,242.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970312
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    Akekule uplift is situated in the north part of Manjiar petroliferous system.Oil generation of its Cambrian-Ordovician source rocks started in late Caledonian-early Hercynian and IndoChina Himalayan periods.Combine this with the formation and destruction of oil and gas reservoirs in the study area,reservoir evolution could be divided into Cambrian-Permian and Post Triassic stages.Though the source rooks of the two evolution stages were the same,the formation conditions of the reservoirs were different.The key periods of the two stages were middle Hercynian and Himalayan epoches respectively.

    WENJISANG BRAID DELTA IN TAIBEI SAG,TURPAN-HAMI BASIN AND ITS HYDROCARBON ACCUMULATION
    Li Wenhou
    1997, 18(3):  231-235.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970313
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    WenJisang braid delta system in Taibei Sag, Turpan-Hami Basin consists of delta plain, delta front and prodelta. The main sedimentary characteristics of the system are:1.Braid river deltas that lack meandering river facies are a incompletely developed deposition system.2.Sediments are characterized by coarse grain size,lower mineralogic and textural maturity.3.Subaqueous distributary channel deposits developed well in delta front,they are usually superimposed to form huge thickness of sequences.4.The delta front usually formed in lake basin margin. Braided river channels prograded towards lake basin and transported laterally in Middle Jurassic,thus forming a large sheet sandbody. Coal measures of Lower-Middle Jurassic are the most important hydrocarbon generation interval;Middle Jurassie subaqueous distributary channel is the main reservoir interval.Upper Jurassic brown-red mudstone could be fine regional caprock.They constitute a complete source reservoir-cap rock assemblage.

    PRESSURE FEATURES AND CONTROLLING FACTORS OF OVERPRESSURE BELT FORMATION IN BOHAI BAY BASIN
    Li Xizhe, Yang Yufeng, Guo Xiaolong, Yuan Suhua
    1997, 18(3):  236-242.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970314
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    There are evident characteristics of vertical pressure segmentation in Bohai Bay Basin, that is, normal hydrostatic pressure exists in shallow part;overpressure layers appear in deep part,and transitional pressure belts lie between the first two parts. The thickness of transitional pressure belts and the depth of overpressure belts increase from east to west, existing apparent mirror image relationship with geotemperature field,and the depth of overpressure belts and the thickness of transitional belts are controlled by aerial geotemperature fields.On the other hand, the Transitional pressure belts are related to diagenesis. Excess pressure is higher in depressions than that in uplifts.Furthermore, excess pressure is higher in gyprock and salt developed areas than that in other lithologic areas.The formation of overpressure in mud sand caprock area is mainly controlled by the degradation of organic matter and sealing ability of faults;the formation of overpressure in the areas with gyprock/salt caprock is controlled by sealing ability of gyprock rock and faults.

    RESERVOIR HETEROGENEITY MODEL OF THE SECOND OIL BEARING SET OF THE THIRD MEMBER OF SHAHEJIE FORMATION IN LENGDONG REGION
    Lin Chengyan, Xin Quanlin, Liu Zerong, Zhang Xueru
    1997, 18(3):  243-246.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970315
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    According to the variations in permeability and grain size mid value obtained from rook cores and well log,the second oil bearing set of the third member of Shahejie Formation in Lendong region,western Liaohe Depression could be divided into positive rhythm(A),reverse rhythm(B),composite rhythm(C),homogeneous rhythm(D) 4 heterogeneous models and 20 sub-type models.Within 4 sedimentary microfacies,models A,C,D hold the highest percentage in Ⅳ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅰ facies respectively,whereas model B shows little difference in microfacies. From facies Ⅰ to facies Ⅳ,the thickness of sand gravel stone decreases,the content of argillaceous rock increases,grain size mid-value gets smaller and the permeability becomes bigger.The variation coefficient of permeability and heterogeneity increases from facies Ⅰ to facies Ⅲ,but that of facies Ⅳ is the smallest.

    CHARACTERISTICS OF MIDDLE JURASSIC SEDIMENTATION AND RESERVOIR PORE EVOLUTION IN TURPAN DEPRESSION
    Liu Linyu, Di Shixiang
    1997, 18(3):  247-251,260.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970316
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    Middle Jurassic Series in Turpan Depression could be divided into four facies such as river,delta,fan-delta and lake facies.The Xishanyao Formation is meandering river facies,the Sanjianfang Formation is delta facies,the Sanjianfang-Qiketai Formations contain delta and lacustrine facies deposits.The river channel sandbodies in the Xishanyao Formation and the subaqueous distributary channel sandbodies in the delta front of Sanjianfang Formation contain mainly secondary solution pores,and have high porosity and high permeability.The subaqueous distributary channel sandbodies in the fan-delta front of Sanjianfang-Qiketai Formations contain poor secondary pores,they are denes and poor reservoir bodies with low porosity and permeability.The loss of primary porosity is caused by compaction,and pore texture reformation is resulted from the solution of unstable components.

    SEDIMENTARY MICROFACIES AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTIVITY OF SANJIANFANG FORMATION IN WENXI-Ⅰ AND WEN-V BLOCKS
    Wang Hongjian, Liu Wenzheng, Chen Yangai, Mou Zehui, Li Bing, Zhu Hongquan
    1997, 18(3):  252-256.  doi:10.11743/ogg19970317
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    The sedimentary system of the Sanjianfang Formation in Wenxi-Ⅰ and Wen-V blooks in Turpan Harmi Basin contains braided stream delta and subaqueous part of prodelta.They include mainly subaqueous distributory channal,flood plain,river mouth bar,sheet bar,distal bar and prodelta clay sedimentary microfacies,and channel bar and flood plain splay submicrofacies.Different microfacies resulted in different affections in reservoir characters,oil possibility and productivity due to different reservoir heterogeneities.Generally speaking,channel bar and distributary channel microfacies have better reservoir characters,their oil possibility and productivity are the best,whereas river uonth bar,sheet bar and distal bar are secondary,and flood splay is relatively poor.