断陷湖盆低勘探区源-汇系统与烃源岩预测

doi:10.11743/ogg20230304

Abstract

Abstract:

Hydrocarbon source rock is one of the key factors controlling oil/gas accumulation in petroliferous system of a sedimentary basin. Focusing on the challenges facing hydrocarbon source rock prediction in basins or lows with relatively low exploration maturity， sparsely distributed drilling wells and insufficient source rock index， we take the underexplored areas in northern Zhu Ⅰ Depression in the Pearl River Mouth Basin （PRMB） as an example to systematically analyze the source-to-sink system and predict source rocks from the perspectives of “searching for lake （deep-to-semi-deep lake）”， “recognizing mudstones （deep-to-semi-deep lacustrine mudstones）”， and “identifying hydrocarbon （hydrocarbon source rock prediction and evaluation）”. First， the original basin features and location of the paleo-lacustrine basin are illustrated by restoring multi-stage tectono-palaeogeomorphology to “find the lake”； and the deep-to-semi-deep lake is identified in the underexplored area together with preliminary selection of potential lows with well-developed hydrocarbon source rocks in combination with analyses including “identifying the lacustrine basin boundary by seismic progradational reflection， determining the scope of the deep-to-semi-deep lake by slope break system， illustrating paleo-environment characters by biochemical index， and defining the lacustrine basin scale by tectonic intensity”. The results indicate that five lows formed during the Wenchang depositional period， and five lows formed during the depositional period of the lower Enping Formation have the potential of developing deep-to-semi-deep lacustrine mudstones. Second， the reconstruction of source-to-sink system and the geological analysis of deep-to-semi-deep lacustrine mudstone development are conducted through analyses of paleo-provenance， paleo-environment and depositional systems， as well as tectono-palaeogeomorphology features； various configuration elements simulation results of the source-to-sink system show that basins characterized by medium sediment supply intensity， fine-grained source materials， high lake level， large accommodation space and under-equal or equal compensation are favorable for the deposition of mud-rich lacustrine facies. Finally， based on data of exploratory wells encountering high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in mature exploration areas， we analyze four types of deep-to-semi-deep seismic facies and their geologic backgrounds corresponding to hydrocarbon source rock intervals， establish the “hydrocarbon source rock facies （seismic facies of hydrocarbon source rocks）” of the mature exploration areas. Coupled with the systematic summary of hydrocarbon-enrichment factors in main hydrocarbon-rich lows of the Zhu Ⅰ Depression， we assess and rank the high-quality hydrocarbon source rocks in the underexplored areas with multiple factors and from multi-dimensional points of view. The research results also indicate that the first-order potentially hydrocarbon-rich lows include LF22， HF33， and HZ24 （with the lower and upper Wenchang Formation as source rocks）， as well as the LF7 and HF10 （with the lower Wenchang Formation as source rocks）； the second-order potentially hydrocarbon-rich ones are HZ5 and HZ11 （with the lower Enping Formation as source rocks）， with the hydrocarbon source rock prediction and evaluation results of some lows having been testified in practical exploration.

Key words: seismic facies of source rocks, source rock prediction, underexplored area, source-to-sink system, Paleogene, Pearl River Mouth Basin （PRMB）

CLC Number:

TE122.1

Hao LIU, Changgui XU, Yangdong GAO, Heming LIN, Xinwei QIU, Yongtao JU, Xudong WANG, Lei LI, Jun MENG, Xiaoming QUE. Source-to-sink system and hydrocarbon source rock prediction of underexplored areas in rifted lacustrine basins： A case study on northern lows in Zhu Ⅰ Depression， Pearl River Mouth Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(3): 565-583.

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评价要素	成熟洼陷		低勘探洼陷
	成熟洼陷		LF22		HZ10		HZ8		HF33		LF7		HZ11		HZ5
	上文昌组	下文昌组	上文昌组	下文昌组	上文昌组	下文昌组	上文昌组	下文昌组	上文昌组	下文昌组	上文昌组	下文昌组	上文昌组	下文昌组	上文昌组	下文昌组
洼陷面积/km²	180 ~ 320		210	350	118	114	58	100	250	190	197	154	94	26	110	9
构造沉降量/m	450 ~ 1 900		740	1 900	500	1 800	588	1 300	1 550	950	350	1 026	350	266	346	260
可容空间/km³	99 ~ 450		150	670	67	204	105	157	170	690	78	160	33	7	38	2
A/S	≥1		≥1		≥1		≥1		≤1	≤1	≥1		≥1		≥1
母岩类型	火成岩、变质岩和沉积岩		火成岩为主
泥岩厚度/m	100 ~ 700		100 ~ 300	150 ~ 500	90 ~ 380	100 ~ 510	90 ~ 380	100 ~ 400	100 ~ 200	200 ~ 300	100 ~ 200	200 ~ 300	<100	<100	<100	<100
水环境	缺氧、富营养		缺氧、淡水		较富营养	缺氧、富营养	较富营养	缺氧、富营养	富营养	缺氧、富营养	缺氧、富营养		缺氧、淡水		缺氧、富营养
地震相类型	SF 1， SF2，SF3， SF4		SF1	SF2	SF4	SF3	SF1， SF4		SF4		SF4		SF4		SF4
沉积相类型	滨浅湖-深湖		深湖		深湖		深湖-半深湖		深湖-半深湖		滨浅湖	深湖	深湖-半深湖		深湖-半深湖
烃源岩发育条件			Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅰ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ

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Source-to-sink system and hydrocarbon source rock prediction of underexplored areas in rifted lacustrine basins： A case study on northern lows in Zhu Ⅰ Depression， Pearl River Mouth Basin

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