深水水道沉积内幕级次划分与精细刻画

doi:10.11743/ogg20230303

Abstract

Abstract:

Deep-water channel deposits are of an important type of deep-water hydrocarbon reservoirs. Given their complicated depositional processes and variable facies， it is urgent to establish a method for the hierarchy division and fine architectural depiction of the interior of deep-water channel deposits. The study proposes an efficient method to characterize and evaluate the interior hierarchy of deep-water channel deposits by using seismic data while considering the characteristics of diverse deep-water channel deposits. If the bottom boundary of seismically resolvable channel-complex set is recognized， the methodology of “three boundaries plus six facies belts” can be applied to hierarchical division and fine architectural depiction of the interior of deep-water channel deposits. According to three types of geological interfaces （i.e.， the bottom boundary of channel sedimentation system， the bottom boundary of channel-complex set， and the interface of sedimentary facies belts）， six facies belts （including basal lags， axial fills， marginal fills， slumps and debris flows， levee， turbidite mud） can be delineated in this type of deep-water channels. While， if not， the methodology of “two boundaries plus two facies belts” can be used， where two facies belts （i.e. channel fills and levee） can be delineated by two kinds of boundaries （i.e. bottom boundary of channel sedimentation system and boundary of levee） in this type of deep-water channel deposits. “Basal lags and axial fills of the six facies belts” and “channel fills of the two facies belts”， among others， could have quality reservoirs developed， the sand-rich property of which can be recognized by top convexity （that is， relatively sand-rich property indicated when the top convex seismic reflection is visible， and relatively mud-rich property when this is invisible）. Applying the methodology of “three boundaries plus six facies belts” and “two boundaries plus two facies belts” in the investigation of the deep-water channel deposits in the Qiongdongnan Basin， we can conclude that it could better achieve the hierarchical division and architectural depiction of the interior of deep-water channel deposits. This also shows that the methodology can be applied to deep-water channel deposits in other regions， and is promising in industrial application.

Key words: geological interface, sedimentary facies belt, fine depiction, hierarchical division, interior of deposits, hydrocarbon reservoir, deep-water channel, Qiongdongnan Basin

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Dongwei LI, Chenglin GONG, Lin HU, Xiaohu HE, Quanyuan LUO. Hierarchical division and fine architectural depiction of the interior of deep-water channel deposits[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(3): 553-564.

Figures/Tables 10

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Table 1

Characteristics and interpretation of different facies belts in the channel-complex set"

相带单元	岩性	沉积过程	规模	剖面特点
底部滞留	砂岩、含砾砂岩	重力流侵蚀下切形成水道雏形之后，重力流粗粒组分在水道最深谷底线两翼滞留堆积而形成的沉积	厚度约十余米，宽度可达数百米	强振幅、低频、连续反射，通常无法识别凸起特征
轴部充填	砂岩为主，含砂率最高	浓度较大、粒度较粗、密度较大、限定性较强的底部高密度浊流多次冲刷滞留后形成的沉积	沿水道主体分布，宽度可达上千米，厚度可达数百米	透镜状强振幅、中-低频、中-低连续充填反射，通常具备向上凸起特点
轴部侧翼沉积	砂、泥岩均有发育	沟道化浊流底部高密度组分和限定性较弱的低密度浊流多次冲刷沉积在水道翼部的沉积充填	与轴部充填伴生，宽度可达上千米，厚度可达数百米	不规则状中-弱振幅、中-低频、中-低连续反射，通常不具备向上凸起特点
滑塌碎屑流沉积	砂岩、泥岩混杂	粗细混杂、快速搬运堆积的块体流沉积	局部发育，宽度可达数百米，厚度数十米	杂乱地震反射，局部可见倾斜或揉皱变形
水道泥	泥岩为主	浓度较小、密度较小、粒度较细、限定性较弱的低密度浊流形成的沉积	沿水道主体分布，宽度可达上千米，厚度可达数百米	弱振幅、高频、中-高连续透明反射
天然堤	泥岩	浓度较小、粒度较细、密度较小、限定性较弱的低密度浊流溢岸形成的沉积	沿水道两翼分布，宽度可达上百米，厚度可达数十米	楔状弱振幅、低频、中-高连续反射
砂质水道充填	砂质充填为主	浓度较大、粒度较粗、密度较大、限定性较强的底部高密度浊流多次冲刷滞留后形成的沉积	沿水道主体分布，宽度可达上千米，厚度可达数百米	透镜状强振幅、中-低频、中连续充填反射
泥质水道充填	泥质充填为主	浓度较小、密度较小、粒度较细、限定性较弱的低密度浊流形成的沉积	沿水道主体分布，宽度可达上千米，厚度可达数百米	楔状弱振幅、低频、中-高连续反射

Table 1

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Hierarchical division and fine architectural depiction of the interior of deep-water channel deposits

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