深层-超深层致密储层天然裂缝分布特征及发育规律

doi:10.11743/ogg20240101

Abstract

Abstract:

Natural fractures serve as effective storage spaces and primary seepage pathways in deep to ultra-deep tight reservoirs， affecting the hydrocarbon migration and enrichment， single-well productivity， and exploitation methods and outcomes of the reservoirs. Based on the summary of latest research results and literature review on fractures in tight reservoirs， this study delves into the distribution characteristics and developmental patterns of natural fractures in deep to ultra-deep tight reservoirs. The results show that the natural fractures are of large， meso， small， and micro scales， following a power law distribution. In other words， a larger scale corresponds to a smaller number of fractures， and vice versa. Large- and meso-scale fractures primarily facilitate seepage； small-scale ones mainly enable seepage and storage； and micro-scale ones principally serve as storage spaces. The type， occurrence， and mechanical properties of the natural fractures formed across different periods are determined by the evolution of stress regime during stratigraphic burial. The formation， distribution， and developmental degree of multi-scale fractures are subjected to the magnitude of tectonic stress， the mechanical properties of rock mechanical stratigraphy， and the thickness differences in mechanical layers. Structural deformation results in varied local stress and strain distribution at different structural locations， increasing fracture heterogeneity. Thrust faults control the distribution of faulted fracture zones by controlling the deformation of strata on the hanging walls. The combination style and movement mode of strike-slip faults， along with rock mechanical stratigraphy， jointly dictate the three-dimensional spatial distribution of related fractures. Furthermore， the crack-seal patterns of the fractures during formation and evolution determine their storage spaces and record the evolutionary history of their effectiveness.

Key words: fault zone structure, effectiveness evolution, natural fracture, multi-scale fracture, tight reservoir, deep to ultra-deep reservoir

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Lianbo ZENG, Lei GONG, Xiaocen SU, Zhe MAO. Natural fractures in deep to ultra-deep tight reservoirs： Distribution and development[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 1-14.

Figures/Tables 10

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裂缝尺度	分布特征	裂缝类型	延伸长度	开度	贡献
微尺度裂缝	受纹层或矿物颗粒控制，裂缝规模小，密度大，需借助微观分析	穿粒缝、粒内缝、粒缘缝	毫米级	< 40 μm	储集空间
小尺度裂缝	在单一岩石力学层内发育，裂缝延伸受岩石力学界面限制	层控裂缝	厘米-分米级	40 ~ 100 μm	渗流通道、储集空间
中尺度裂缝	在多套岩石力学层内发育，可跨越多套岩石力学层性质差异较小的岩石力学层，裂缝延伸受泥岩夹层限制	穿层裂缝	米-数十米级	百微米级	渗流通道
大尺度裂缝	在多套岩石力学层内发育，表现为断层型裂缝，两侧地层具有明显的位移，甚至发育有小型断层核	小断层	数十米级-百米级	毫米-厘米级	渗流通道

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Natural fractures in deep to ultra-deep tight reservoirs： Distribution and development

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