重力流与海底地貌动态相互作用下深水沉积体系发育演化

doi:10.11743/ogg20240102

Abstract

Abstract:

Seafloor topography plays a significant role in the modulation of gravity flow deposition and in the meantime， the associated depositional processes can modify the pre-existing topography. Given a lack of studies on the development of the submarine depositional systems as a consequence of the dynamic interplays between sediment gravity flows and seafloor topography， we analyze the local depositional records of the Potiguar Basin on the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Using 3D seismic data along with spectral decomposition and spectral decomposition with red， green and blue （RGB） color blending techniques， we investigate the development of a submarine depositional system and then reveal the dynamic interactions between sediment gravity flows and seafloor topography. The results indicate that the main topographic low and the minor topographic low within initial topography of the study area played a major role in the deposition of early submarine channels and lobes. With the gentling of the slope along the main topographic low toward the distal provenance end， the velocities and competences of sediment gravity flows gradually decreased； correspondingly， their tendences of vertically downcutting and laterally broadening respectively weakened and strengthened， resulting in the cross-sectional geometries of submarine channels varying from V-shaped through deep U-shaped to dish-shaped downstream. Because submarine-channel confinement gradually decreased downstream， lobes occur at the unconfined terminal area， which grew headward， overlay on the early channel fills， and finally spilled out into the minor topographic low at the northwestern corner of the study area. The deposition of submarine channels and lobes significantly reduced the slope gradients in distal parts of the main topographic low. When subsequent mass flows were captured by the main topographic low， the capacity of mass flows to carry sediments was prone to get even weaker， thus resulting in more extensive accumulation of mass-transport complexes （MTCs） in distal parts of the main topographic low.

Key words: topographic low, dynamic interaction, seafloor topography, sediment gravity flow, submarine depositional system, Potiguar Basin, equatorial Atlantic Ocean

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Naxin TIAN, Chenglin GONG, Gaokui WU, Kun QI, Yijie ZHU, Jingjing LIU. Development of submarine depositional systems under dynamic interplays between sediment gravity flows and seafloor topography： A case study of the Potiguar Basin on the equatorial Atlantic Ocean[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 15-30.

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地震相及对应沉积解释	特征描述	典型地震剖面	典型RGB三色融合图
地震相1：深水水道^［37-38］	剖面：振幅变化不定、低频、连续性较差的反射，底部为U/V型侵蚀面；平面：条带状
地震相2：朵叶体^［1，39］	剖面：强振幅、中频、连续性较好的平行反射；平面：在地震相1末端呈扇形或舌状堆积
地震相3：块体搬运沉积复合体（MTCs）^［22-23］	剖面：振幅变化不定的杂乱反射，具有侵蚀型底界面和不规则顶界面；平面：拉长的不规则形态
地震相4：深海披覆沉积^［4，40］	剖面：低振幅、中高频、连续性较好的平行反射；平面：席状

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Development of submarine depositional systems under dynamic interplays between sediment gravity flows and seafloor topography： A case study of the Potiguar Basin on the equatorial Atlantic Ocean

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