川东地区中二叠统茅口组沉积微相与环境演变

doi:10.11743/ogg20240211

Abstract

Abstract:

In recent years， industrial gas flow has been obtained in the Permian Maokou Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin， underscoring the great significance of exploring the sedimentary microfacies and environmental evolution of the formation for oil and gas exploration. This study focuses on the Yangjiao section in Wulong District， Chongqing， China. Based on the field observations of sedimentary characteristics， coupled with thin section observation and geochemical analysis， we delve into the sedimentary microfacies and sedimentary environmental evolution characteristics of the Maokou Formation. The results reveal the predominant distribution of five sedimentary microfacies. Bioclast-bearing micrites and micrites， deposits in a deep-water， low-energy environment， prevail in the lower formation. The middle formation exhibits the primary distribution of sparry bioclastic limestones， micritic bioclastic limestones， bioclastic micrites， and bioclastic micrites， and the presence of sparry bioclastic limestones suggests a shallow-water， high-energy sedimentary environment. The upper formation predominantly contains micritic bioclastic limestones， bioclastic micrites， and bioclast-bearing micrites， and the water becomes deeper again. Geochemical analysis reveals that the lower Maokou Formation exhibits low δ¹³C_carb values with an average of 3.00 ‰， while its middle and upper portions show δ¹³C_carb values mostly exceeding 4.00 ‰. These findings suggest that the formation’s first member was deposited in an anoxic environment， which converted into a dysoxic environment with an increase in oxidation and then recovered to an anoxic environment in the late depositional stage. The sedimentary microfacies characteristics and the sea-level changes in the Maokou Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin were affected by glacial periods， with the global sea-level drop serving as the dominant factor in the sedimentary environment transitions. The shallow-water sedimentary environment created favorable geological conditions for the emergence of high-energy grainstone shoals， which is， in turn， the main cause of the formation of high-quality reservoirs in the middle and upper Maokou Formation in the basin.

Key words: carbonate microfacies, geochemical proxy, sedimentary environment, Maokou Formation, eastern Sichuan Basin, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Heyi ZHANG, Shuai YANG, Xihua ZHANG, Hanlin PENG, Qian LI, Cong CHEN, Zhaolong GAO, Anqing CHEN. Sedimentary microfacies and environmental evolution of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin： A case study of the Yangjiao section in Wulong District， Chongqing， China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 457-470.

Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1

Fig.2

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Fig.4

Table 1

Experimental data and calculation results for the Maokou Formation in the Yangjiao section， Wulong District"

样品号	厚度/m	碳、氧同位素值/‰		微量元素含量/10^-6								微量元素含量比值
样品号	厚度/m	δ¹⁸O	δ¹³C_carb	Sr	Ba	Rb	Th	U	V	Ni	Co	Sr/Ba	Rb/Sr	Th/U	V/（V+Ni）	Ni/Co
YJ-B-1	367.62	-4.67	3.21	1 252.6	8.1	0.5	0.3	3.2	10.7	2.6	0.2	155.23	0.000 4	0.08	0.80	15.74
YJ-B-2	354.73	-4.93	3.25	1 508.9	14.8	0.6	0.2	5.0	4.5	1.3	0.1	101.96	0.000 4	0.03	0.78	13.75
YJ-B-3	348.83	-4.28	3.40	1 882.7	10.2	1.4	0.1	6.9	7.5	1.4	0.1	184.72	0.000 7	0.02	0.85	11.83
YJ-B-4	341.24	-4.43	3.24	1 776.5	9.2	1.2	0.1	4.2	6.2	1.2	0.1	193.39	0.000 7	0.02	0.83	10.23
YJ-B-5	337.35	-4.77	3.40	2 919.3	42.0	0.6	0.1	5.8	4.0	1.0	0.1	69.53	0.000 2	0.02	0.80	11.30
YJ-B-6	333.41	-5.44	3.48	1 637.1	7.2	0.5	0.1	5.1	4.4	0.9	0.1	228.61	0.000 3	0.03	0.83	11.63
YJ-B-7	328.68	-5.01	3.29	2 461.9	10.5	1.7	0.3	10.0	15.3	2.2	0.1	233.43	0.000 7	0.03	0.87	17.80
YJ-B-8	326.55	-4.25	3.28	1 421.5	8.1	1.2	0.1	5.3	14.5	1.7	0.1	176.28	0.000 9	0.02	0.90	12.22
YJ-B-9	284.53	-4.86	2.32	4 182.9	15.2	2.1	0.2	2.5	25.5	8.1	0.3	274.74	0.000 5	0.10	0.76	23.92
YJ-B-10	272.48	-4.71	3.89	1 866.8	8.6	0.8	0.1	2.3	5.0	1.8	0.2	216.76	0.000 4	0.04	0.73	11.48
YJ-B-11	266.45	-3.86	3.72	3 509.5	32.6	0.9	0.2	8.8	37.9	3.0	0.2	107.63	0.000 2	0.02	0.93	20.01
YJ-B-12	264.34	-4.77	2.83	2 687.7	13.6	1.7	0.2	3.6	25.2	3.9	0.2	197.96	0.000 6	0.05	0.86	20.52
YJ-B-13	253.77	-4.35	3.30	1 275.0	8.1	0.8	0.1	3.3	5.7	1.0	0.1	157.08	0.000 6	0.04	0.86	9.97
YJ-B-14	248.98	-5.37	3.91	3 125.6	9.2	0.4	0.1	4.9	18.5	0.8	0.1	340.74	0.000 1	0.01	0.96	10.14
YJ-B-15	245.74	-7.02	1.93	1 057.4	10.7	0.3	0.0	9.4	5.6	0.8	0.1	99.14	0.000 3	0.00	0.88	8.87
YJ-B-16	226.3	-5.73	3.43	2 332.2	15.7	2.8	0.2	4.4	97.7	13.9	0.2	148.50	0.001 2	0.04	0.88	62.76
YJ-B-17	202.95	-5.74	3.66	2 797.5	8.4	0.8	0.1	14.6	26.2	2.2	0.1	332.12	0.000 3	0.01	0.92	17.39
YJ-B-18	200.36	-4.46	3.71	5 233.7	8.4	0.8	0.1	2.8	24.3	2.0	0.2	619.44	0.000 1	0.04	0.92	12.37
YJ-B-19	193.8	-4.59	3.95	1 446.2	12.1	4.1	0.5	12.8	52.2	13.1	0.6	119.35	0.002 8	0.04	0.80	23.25
YJ-B-20	187.95	-4.88	3.72	1 570.0	11.0	3.3	0.2	7.9	73.3	5.6	0.2	142.33	0.002 1	0.03	0.93	25.75
YJ-B-21	171.32	-4.84	3.94	1 868.0	9.0	1.1	0.4	6.1	12.3	1.6	0.2	206.43	0.000 6	0.07	0.88	8.37
YJ-B-22	166.15	-7.10	4.38	2 835.7	8.7	0.9	0.2	1.9	12.6	2.3	0.2	326.65	0.000 3	0.11	0.84	12.75
YJ-B-23	151.9	-5.47	4.85	1 109.7	6.6	0.7	0.2	2.3	26.2	2.4	0.1	169.42	0.000 7	0.09	0.92	17.84
YJ-B-24	124.08	-5.91	4.86	834.2	6.3	0.9	0.3	3.2	13.7	4.0	0.2	132.14	0.001 0	0.09	0.77	26.43
YJ-B-25	110.85	-5.06	4.29	567.9	8.0	1.9	0.3	3.3	9.0	4.4	0.3	71.06	0.003 3	0.08	0.67	17.62
YJ-B-26	104.89	-6.64	2.97	879.1	10.7	2.0	0.3	1.8	5.9	9.4	0.5	82.33	0.002 3	0.19	0.39	19.28
YJ-B-27	97.08	-6.46	4.26	156.0	5.9	0.8	0.3	1.7	6.0	6.6	0.2	26.22	0.005 0	0.18	0.48	41.58
YJ-B-28	86.91	-5.65	4.07	976.3	7.9	1.4	0.9	5.3	43.2	9.4	0.2	123.37	0.001 4	0.16	0.82	51.46
YJ-B-29	71.77	-6.92	3.99	1 015.5	15.1	4.4	0.9	7.3	119.6	37.2	0.4	67.08	0.004 3	0.12	0.76	97.76
YJ-B-30	65.55	-8.24	3.79	1 512.6	9.2	0.5	1.2	3.0	31.5	7.4	0.1	163.86	0.000 3	0.38	0.81	57.66
YJ-B-31	61.3	-6.55	4.26	2 150.5	13.1	0.5	0.2	3.1	32.5	3.4	0.1	164.51	0.000 2	0.08	0.90	36.13
YJ-B-32	52.79	-6.99	4.06	1 545.1	13.8	3.7	1.5	7.5	104.3	9.1	0.5	111.99	0.002 4	0.19	0.92	18.13
YJ-B-33	39.63	-5.24	4.43	2 315.1	13.2	3.1	1.0	4.6	144.1	6.7	0.5	175.42	0.001 4	0.21	0.96	14.45
YJ-B-34	32.36	-5.01	4.67	1 243.0	8.4	2.3	0.8	8.4	68.3	6.2	0.3	148.17	0.001 9	0.10	0.92	23.94
YJ-B-35	23.09	-5.79	4.55	1 851.3	6.1	1.4	0.4	3.9	19.7	3.7	0.2	301.27	0.000 8	0.10	0.84	21.52
YJ-B-36	11.34	-4.85	3.59	1 534.9	8.2	0.8	0.2	8.0	9.5	9.4	0.2	186.39	0.000 5	0.02	0.50	47.61

Table 1

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

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Sedimentary microfacies and environmental evolution of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin： A case study of the Yangjiao section in Wulong District， Chongqing， China

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