深层-超深层碎屑岩优质储层成因机理

doi:10.11743/ogg20250111

Abstract

Abstract:

This study aims to reveal the genetic mechanisms underlying high-quality deep to ultra-deep clastic reservoirs in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin. Using the latest drilling data and core samples from the hinterland， as well as data from casting thin section observations， scanning electron microscopy （SEM）， spectral analysis， inclusion analysis， and X-ray diffraction （XRD） analysis， we investigate the origins of reservoirs in the Permian Upper Urho Formation and the Triassic Baikouquan and Karamay formations. The results indicate that differential diagenetic evolution governs the development of primary pores and secondary dissolution pores. The Karamay Formation underwent compaction， chlorite coating cementation， dissolution of feldspar/volcanic detritus， siliceous cementation， authigenic illite precipitation， and the late-stage calcite cementation sequentially， during which chlorite coatings emerged as the most significant diagenetic mineral for the preservation of primary pores. In contrast， the Upper Urho Formation experienced compaction， chlorite filling cementation， laumontite cementation， dissolution of laumontite/feldspar/volcanic detritus， siliceous cementation， authigenic illite precipitation， and the late-stage calcite cementation in sequence. The early-stage laumontite cementation and acid dissolution of laumontite/feldspar/volcanic detritus， among others， play a critical role in the formation of secondary pores. In the subaqueous distributary channels at the front of the shallow braided river delta， the strong hydrodynamic elutriation in high-energy facies zones results in superior primary pore structures in these reservoirs. This， combined with early-stage chlorite coatings and significant overpressure， collectively contributes to the preservation of primary pores. The early-stage cementation of high-hardness laumontite formed by the hydrothermal alteration of intermediate-mafic volcanic detritus resists the compaction and porosity reduction in the rapid deep burial stage. The acidic fluids from multi-stage hydrocarbon generation and overpressure transfer jointly accelerate the dissolution of aluminosilicate minerals and porosity enhancement. Under the background of low geotemperature， the Upper Urho-Baikouquan formations remain in middle diagenetic stages A and B， which has slowed down the diagenetic evolution and increased the lower depth limit for effective porosity development.

Key words: genetic mechanism, high-quality reservoir, deep to ultra-deep strata, Upper Urho Formation, Baikouquan Formation, Karamay Formation, Junggar Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Jiyuan WANG, Bin WANG, Zongquan HU, Fengkai SHANG, Dezhi LIU, Zhenming LI, Qi QIU, Zhenxiang SONG, Zhiqi HU. Genetic mechanisms of high-quality deep to ultra-deep clastic reservoirs： A case study of the Permian-Triassic strata in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2025, 46(1): 151-166.

Figures/Tables 18

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Statistics of reservoir properties of various formations in key wells in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin"

物性参数	沙15井			征10井			董17井		成6井
物性参数	克拉玛依组	百口泉组	上乌尔禾组	克拉玛依组	百口泉组	上乌尔禾组	百口泉组	上乌尔禾组	克拉玛依组	百口泉组	上乌尔禾组
孔隙度/%	$\frac{4.76 ~ 11.05}{7.65 (10)}$ $4.76 ~ 11.05 7.65 (10)$	$\frac{3.34 ~ 8.08}{6.15 (6)}$ $3.34 ~ 8.08 6.15 (6)$	$\frac{3.69 ~ 6.67}{5.15 (8)}$ $3.69 ~ 6.67 5.15 (8)$	$\frac{1.78 ~ 13.18}{8.09 (11)}$ $1.78 ~ 13.18 8.09 (11)$	$\frac{4.48 ~ 8.66}{6.72 (6)}$ $4.48 ~ 8.66 6.72 (6)$	$\frac{4.71 ~ 8.39}{6.22 (9)}$ $4.71 ~ 8.39 6.22 (9)$	$\frac{9.2 ~ 9.2}{9.2 (1)}$ $9.2 ~ 9.2 9.2 (1)$	$\frac{4.00 ~ 10.50}{6.42 (5)}$ $4.00 ~ 10.50 6.42 (5)$	$\frac{1.93 ~ 8.56}{6.23 (5)}$ $1.93 ~ 8.56 6.23 (5)$	$\frac{3.29 ~ 8.00}{6.09 (6)}$ $3.29 ~ 8.00 6.09 (6)$	$\frac{2.77 ~ 7.16}{4.79 (22)}$ $2.77 ~ 7.16 4.79 (22)$
渗透率/（10^-3 µm²）	$\frac{0.10 ~ 3.26}{0.97 (10)}$ $0.10 ~ 3.26 0.97 (10)$	$\frac{0.04 ~ 1.02}{0.39 (6)}$ $0.04 ~ 1.02 0.39 (6)$	$\frac{0.07 ~ 0.26}{0.13 (8)}$ $0.07 ~ 0.26 0.13 (8)$	$\frac{0.001 ~ 8.890}{1.79 (11)}$ $0.001 ~ 8.890 1.79 (11)$	$\frac{0.14 ~ 1.23}{0.63 (6)}$ $0.14 ~ 1.23 0.63 (6)$	$\frac{0.12 ~ 1.12}{0.46 (9)}$ $0.12 ~ 1.12 0.46 (9)$	$\frac{0.01 ~ 0.01}{0.01 (1)}$ $0.01 ~ 0.01 0.01 (1)$	$\frac{0.006 ~ 7.200}{1.47 (5)}$ $0.006 ~ 7.200 1.47 (5)$	$\frac{0.10 ~ 1.22}{0.75 (5)}$ $0.10 ~ 1.22 0.75 (5)$	$\frac{0.10 ~ 0.92}{0.49 (6)}$ $0.10 ~ 0.92 0.49 (6)$	$\frac{0.1 ~ 0.6}{0.18 (22)}$ $0.1 ~ 0.6 0.18 (22)$

Table 1

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Table 2

Fig.10

Fig. 11

Fig.12

Fig. 13

Fig.14

Table 3

Fig.15

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物理性质	浊沸石	片沸石	方沸石	斜发沸石	方解石	斜长石	钾长石	石英
密度/（g/cm³）	2.32	2.20	2.00 ~ 2.20	2.16	2.71	2.60	2.54 ~ 2.57	2.65
莫氏硬度	6.00	3.50 ~ 4.00	5.50	4.00 ~ 5.00	3.00	6.00 ~ 6.50	6.00	7.00

地层	分选系数	原始孔隙度/%	胶结面孔率/%	胶结孔隙度/%	溶蚀面孔率/%	溶蚀孔隙度/%	现今孔隙度/%	压实减孔率/%
克拉玛依组	1.48	36.42	0.72	2.88	0.33	1.40	13.18	21.08
百口泉组	1.22	39.68	2.03	7.43	1.70	6.32	7.95	26.60
上乌尔禾组	1.18	40.36	3.12	11.00	1.09	4.21	4.85	26.43

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Genetic mechanisms of high-quality deep to ultra-deep clastic reservoirs： A case study of the Permian-Triassic strata in the hinterland of the Junggar Basin

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