致密储层脆性特征及对天然裂缝的控制作用——以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区长7致密储层为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20160109

Abstract

Abstract: Study of brittleness of tight reservoir and its effect on natural fractures is of great significance to quantitative prediction of natural fractures in tight reservoirs.This paper summarized more than 20 brittleness testing methods,focusing on the development and application of brittleness evaluation methods for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs.Moreover,it also evaluated the brittleness characteristics of tight reservoir and its effect on natural fractures in the Chang 7 tight reservoir in Longdong area of Ordos Basin.The results show that several groups of high angle structural fractures are developed widely in intervals of various lighologies in the Chang 7 reservoir in Longdong area.Sandstones show the highest brittleness,followed by shaly sandstones,and mudstones has the lowest brittleness.The brittleness decreases with the increase of shale content.On the specific paleo-structure stress background,rock brittleness controls the development characteristics and development degree of natural fractures.There is a brittleness threshold,above which high angle fractures are more likely to develop,while below which it is likely to develop low angle fractures.Brittleness also controls rock fracturing ability.When brittleness index is large,rock is easier to fracture under the structure stress,resulting in more fractures.In contrast,when it is low,rock deforms instead of fracturing,thus fractures are poorly developed and even not developed.

Key words: brittleness characteristics, natural fracture, tight reservoir, Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Zhao Xiangyuan, Zeng Lianbo, Zu Kewei, Hu Xiangyang, Jiao Jun, Zhu Lifeng, Shi Jinxiong. Brittleness characteristics and its control on natural fractures in tight reservoirs: A case study from Chang 7 tight reservoir in Longdong area of the Ordos Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(1): 62-71.

References

[1] 赵政璋,杜金虎.致密油气[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2012. Zhao Zhengzhang,Du Jinhu.Tight oil and gas reservoirs[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2012.
[2] 姚泾利,邓秀芹,赵彦德,等.鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2013,40(2):150-158. Yao Jingli,Deng Xiuqin,Zhao Yande,et al.Characteristics of tight oil in Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Pertroleum Exploration and Development,2013,40(2):150-158.
[3] 林森虎,邹才能,袁选俊,等.美国致密油开发现状及启示[J].岩性油气藏,2011,23(4):25-30. Lin Senhu,Zou Caineng,Yuan Xuanjun,et al.Status quo of tight oil exploitation in the United States and its implication[J].Lithologic Reservoirs,2011,23(4):25-30.
[4] 宋岩,姜林,马行陟.非常规油气藏的形成及其分布特征[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):605-614. Song Yan,Jiang Lin,Ma Xingzhi.Formation and distribution characteristics of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):605-614.
[5] 邹才能,陶士振,侯连华,等.非常规油气地质[M].北京:地质出版社,2011. Zou Caineng,Tao Shizhen,Hou Lianhua,et al.Unconventional oil and gas geology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2011.
[6] 杨华,李士祥,刘显阳.鄂尔多斯盆地致密油、页岩油特征及资源潜力[J].石油学报,2013,34(1):1-11. Yang Hua,Li Shixiang,Liu Xianyang.Characteristics and resource prospects of tight oil and shale oil in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2013,34(1):1-11.
[7] 杜金虎,刘合,马德胜,等.试论中国陆相致密油有效开发技术[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(2):198-205. Du Jinhu,Liu He,Ma Desheng,et al.Discussion on effective development techniques for continental tight oil in China[J].Pertroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(2):198-205.
[8] 贾承造,邹才能,李建忠,等.中国致密油评价标准、主要类型、基本特征及资源前景[J].石油学报,2012,33(3):343-350. Jia Chengzao,Zou Caineng,Li Jianzhong,et al.Assessment criteria,main types,basic features and resource prospects of the tight oil in China[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2012,33(3):343-350.
[9] 黄薇,梁江平,赵波,等.松辽盆地北部白垩系泉头组扶余油层致密油成藏主控因素[J].古地理学报,2013,15(5):635-644. Huang Wei,Liang Jiangping,Zhao Bo,et al.Main controlling factors of tight oil accumulations in the Fuyu Layer of Cretaceous Quantou Formation in northern Songliao Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2013,15(5):635-644.
[10] 廖群山,胡华,林建平,等.四川盆地川中侏罗系致密储层石油勘探前景[J].石油与天然气地质,2011,32(54):815-822. Liao Qunshan,Hu Hua,Lin Jianping,et al.Petroleum exploration prospect of the Jurassic tight reservoirs in central Sichuan Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2011,32(54):815-822.
[11] 付锁堂,张道伟,薛建勤,等.柴达木盆地致密油形成的地质条件及勘探潜力分析[J].沉积学报,2013,31(4):672-681. Fu Suotang,Zhang Daowei,Xue Jianqin,et al.Exploration Potential and Geological Conditions of Tight Oil in the Qaidam Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2013,31(4):672-681.
[12] 白斌,邹才能,朱如凯,等.川西南部须二段致密砂岩储层构造裂缝特征及其形成期次[J].地质学报,2012,86(11):1841-1846. Bai Bin,Zou Caineng,Zhu Rukai,et al.Characteristics and formation stage-times of structure fractures in tight sandstone reservoir of the 2^nd Member of Xujiahe Formation in Southwestern Sichuan Basin[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2012,86(11):1841-1846.
[13] 巩磊,曾联波,张本健,等.九龙山构造致密砾岩储层裂缝发育的控制因素[J].中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),2012,36(6):6-12. Gong Lei,Zeng Lianbo,Zhang Benjian,et al.Control factors for fracture development in tight conglomerate reservoir of Jiulongshan structure[J].Journal of China University of Petroleum(Natural Science Edition),2012,36(6):6-12.
[14] 邢振辉,程林松,周新桂,等.鄂尔多斯盆地北部塔巴庙地区上古生界致密砂岩气藏天然裂缝形成机理浅析[J].地质力学学报,2005,11(1):33-42. Xing Zhenhui,Cheng Linsong,Zhou Xingui,et al.Mechanism of natural fracture formation in the Upper Paleozoic tight sand gas reservoirs in the Tabamiao area,north Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2005,11(1):33-42.
[15] 李义军,李进步,杨仁超,等.苏里格气田东二区致密砂岩储层裂缝与含气性的关系[J].天然气工业,2012,32(6):28-30. Li Yijun,Li Jinbu,Yang Renchao,et al.Relationship between gas bearing capacity and reservoir fractures of tight sand reservoirs in the eastern block 2 of the Sulige Gas Field[J].Natural Gas Industry,2012,32(6):28-30.
[16] 邹才能,杨智,张国生,等.常规-非常规油气"有序聚集"理论认识及实践意义[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(1):14-27. Zou Caineng,Yang Zhi,Zhang Guosheng,et al.Conventional and unconventional petroleum "orderly accumulation":Concept and practical significance[J].Pertroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(1):14-27.
[17] 王晓东,祖克威,李向平,等.宁合地区长7致密储集层天然裂缝发育特征[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(4):394-397. Wang Xiaodong,Zu Kewei,Li Xiangping,et al.The characteristics of natural fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs of Chang-7 Member in Ningxian-Heshui area,Ordos Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(4):394-397.
[18] 李士祥,邓秀芹,庞锦莲,等.鄂尔多斯盆地中生界油气成藏与构造运动的关系[J].沉积学报,2010,28(4):798-807. Li Shixiang,Deng Xiuqin,Pang Jinlian,et al.Relationship between petroleum accumulation of Mesozoic and tectonic movement in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(4):798-807.
[19] 吴崇筠,薛书浩.中国含油气盆地沉积学[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1993. Wu Chongjun,Xue Shuhao.Sedimentology of Petroliferous Basins in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1993.
[20] 武富礼,李文厚,李玉宏,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组三角洲沉积及演化[J].古地理学报,2004,6(3):307-315. Wu Fuli,Li Wenhou,Li Yuhong,et al.Delta sediments and evolution of the Yanchang Formation of Upper Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Palaeogeography,2004,6(03):307-315.
[21] 赵振宇,郭炎如,王艳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化及古地理特征研究进展[J].特种油气藏,2012,19(5):15-20. Zhao Zhenyu,Guo Yanru,Wang Yan,et al.Study progress in tectonic evolution and paleogeography of Ordos Basin[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoir,2012,19(05):15-20.
[22] 刘自亮,朱筱敏,廖纪佳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘上三叠统延长组层序地层学与砂体成因研究[J].地学前缘,2013,20(2):1-9. Liu Ziliang,Zhu Xiaomin,Liao Jijia,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and genesis of sand bodies of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southwestern margin of Ordos Basin[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2013,20(2):1-9.
[23] 喻建,杨亚娟,杜金良.鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长组湖侵期沉积特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2010,37(2):181-187. Yu Jian,Yang Yajuan,Du Jinliang.Sedimentation during the transgression period in Late Triassic Yanchang Formation,Ordos Basin[J].Pertroleum Exploration and Development,2010,37(02):181-187.
[24] 陈全红,李文厚,高永祥,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组深湖沉积与油气聚集意义[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2007,37(增刊Ⅰ):39-48. Chen Quanhong,Li Wenhou,Gao Yongxiang,et al.The deep lacustrine sedimentary and its importance of oil-gas accumulatiuon of Yanchang Formation in Late Triassic of Ordos Basin[J].Science in China(Series D),2007,37(I):39-48.
[25] 杨华,窦伟坦,刘显阳,等.鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组长7沉积相分析[J].沉积学报,2010,28(2):254-263. Yang Hua,Dou Weitan,Liu Xianyang,et al.Analysis on sedimentary facies of member 7 in Yanchang Formation of Triassic in Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(2):254-263.
[26] 李文厚,庞军刚,曹红霞,等.鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世延长期沉积体系及岩相古地理演化[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),2009,39(3):501-506. Li Wenhou,Pang Jungang,Cao Hongxia,et al.Depositional system and paleogeographic evolution of the late Triassic Yanchang Stage in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Northwest University(Natural Science Edition),2009,39(3):501-506.
[27] 付锁堂,邓秀芹,庞锦莲.晚三叠世鄂尔多斯盆地湖盆沉积中心厚层砂体特征及形成机制分析[J].沉积学报,2010,28(6):1081-1089. Fu Suotang,Deng Xiuqin,Pang Jinlian.Characteristics and mechanism of thick sandbody of Yanchang Formation at the centre of Ordos Basin[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2010,28(6):1081-1089.
[28] 曾联波,李忠兴,史成恩,等.鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组特低渗透砂岩储层裂缝特征及成因[J].地质学报,2007,81(2):174-180. Zeng Lianbo,Li Zhongxing,Shi Chengen,et al.Characteristics and origin of fractures in the extra low-permeability sandstone reservoirs of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin[J].Acta Geological Sinica,2007,81(02):174-180.
[29] Andreev G E.Brittle failure of rock materials:test results and constitutive models[M].Netherlands:A.A.Balkema Press,1995.
[30] Kahraman S,Altindag R.A brittleness index to estimate fracture toughness[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics & Mining Sciences,2004(41):343-348.
[31] Morley A.Strength of materials[M].London:Longman Green,1944.
[32] Hetényi M.Handbook of experimental stress analysis[M].New York:John Wiley,1966.
[33] Jesse V H.Glossary of geology and related sciences[M].Washington D.C.:American Geological Institute,1960.
[34] Obert L,Duvall W I.Rock mechanics and the design of structures in rock[M].New York:John Wiley,1967.
[35] Ramsay J G..Folding and fracturing of rocks[M].London:McGraw-Hill,1967.
[36] Hucka V,Das B.Brittleness determination of rocks by different me-thods[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1974,11(10):389-392.
[37] Goktan R M.Brittleness and micro scale rock cutting efficiency[J].Mining Science Technology,1991,13:237-241.
[38] 李庆辉,陈勉,金衍,等.页岩脆性的室内评价方法及改进[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(8):1681-1685. Li Qinghui,Chen Mian,Jin Yan,et al.Indoor evaluation method for shale brittleness and improvement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2012,31(8):1681-1685.
[39] Honda H,Sanada Y.Hardness of coal[J].Fuel,1956,35:451.
[40] Protodyakonov M M.Mechanical properties and drill-ability of rocks[C]//Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Rock Mechanics.Twin Cities,USA:University of Minnesota Press,1963:103-118.
[41] Lawn B R,Marshall D B.Hardness,toughness and brittleness:an indentation analysis[J].Journal of American Ceramic Society,1979,62(7/8):347-350.
[42] Bishop A W.Progressive failure with special reference to the mechanism causing it[C]//Oslo:Proceedings of the Geotechnical Conference,1967:142-150.
[43] Quinn J B,Quinn G D.Indentation brittleness of ceramics:a fresh approach[J].Journal of Materials Science,1997,32(16):4331-4346.
[44] 冯涛,谢学斌,王文星,等.岩石脆性及描述岩爆倾向的脆性系数[J].矿冶工程,2000,20(4):18-19. Feng Tao,Xie Xuebin,Wang Wenxing,et al.Brittleness of Rocks and Brittleness Indexes for Describing Rockburst Proneness[J].Mining and Metallurgical Engineering,2000,20(4):18-19.
[45] Altindag R.The role of rock brittleness on analysis of percussive drilling performance(in Turkish)[J].Proceedings of 5th National Rock Mech,2000,105-112.
[46] Hajiabdolmajid V,Kaiser P.Brittleness of rock and stability assessment in hard rock tunneling[J].Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology,2003,18(1):35-48.
[47] Copur H,Bilgin N,Tuncedmir H,et al.A set of indices based on indentation test for assessment of rock cutting performance and rock properties[J].The Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,2003,103(9):589-600.
[48] 刘恩龙,沈珠江.岩土材料的脆性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(19):3449-3453. Liu Enlong,Shen Zhujiang.Study on brittleness of geomaterials[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(19):3449-3453.
[49] Yagiz S.An investigation on the relationship between rock strength and brittleness[C]//Proceedings of the 59th Geological Congress of Turkey.Ankara,Turkey:MTA General Directory Press,2006:352.
[50] Grieser B,Bray J.Identification of production potential in unconventional reservoirs[J].SPE 106623,2007.
[51] Sondergeld C H,Newsham K E,Comisky J T,et al.Petrophysical con-siderations in evaluating and producing shale gas resources[J].SPE 131768,2010.
[52] Rickman R,Mullen M,Petre E,et al.A practical use of shale petrophysics for stimulation design optimization:all shale plays are not clones of the Barnett Shale[J].SPE 115258,2008.
[53] 郭海萱,郭天魁.胜利油田罗家地区页岩储层可压性实验评价[J].石油实验地质,2013,35(3):339-346. Guo Haixuan,Guo Tiankui.Experimental evaluation of crushability of shale reservoirs in Luojia area,Shengli Oilfield[J].Petroleum Geology & Experiment,2013,35(3):339-346.
[54] Jarvie D M,Hill R J,Ruble T E,et al.Unconventional shale-gas systems:The Mississippian Barnett Shale of north-central Texas as one model for thermogenic shale-gas assessment[J].AAPG Bulletin,2007,91(4):475-499.
[55] 石道涵,张兵,何举涛,等.鄂尔多斯长7致密砂岩储层体积压裂可行性评价[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2014,29(1):52-55. Shi Daohan,Zhang Bing,He Jutao,et al.Feasibility evaluation of volume fracturing of Chang-7 tight sandstone reservoir in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2014,29(1):52-55.
[56] 马旭,郝瑞芬,来轩昂,等.苏里格气田致密砂岩气藏水平井体积压裂矿场试验[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):742-747. Ma Xu,Hao Ruifen,Lai Xuanang,et al.Field test of volume fracturing for horizontal wells in Sulige tight sandstone gas reservoirs[J].Pertroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):742-747.
[57] 梁浩,李新宁,马强,等.三塘湖盆地条湖组致密油地质特征及勘探潜力[J].石油勘探与开发,2014,41(5):563-572. Liang Hao,Li Xinning,Ma Qiang,et al.Geological features and exploration potential of Permian Tiaohu Formation tight oil,Santanghu Basin,NW China[J].Pertroleum Exploration and Development,2014,41(5):563-572.
[58] 归榕,万永平.基于常规测井数据计算储层岩石力学参数[J].地质力学学报,2012,18(4):418-424. Gui Rong,Wan Yongping.Rock mechanics parameter calculation based on conventional logging data:A case study of Upper Paleozoic in Ordos Basin[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2012,18(4):418-424.
[59] 林英松,葛洪魁,王顺昌,等.岩石动静力学参数的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):216-222. Lin Yingsong,Ge Hongkui,Wang Shunchang,et al.Testing study on dynamic and static elastic parameters of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(2):216-222.
[60] 王平.有天然裂缝的砂岩油藏的开发[J].石油学报,1993,14(4):69-75. Wang Ping.Development of sandstone reservoir with naturel fractures[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(04):69-75.

Brittleness characteristics and its control on natural fractures in tight reservoirs: A case study from Chang 7 tight reservoir in Longdong area of the Ordos Basin

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Cited

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

References

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

[1]	Weitao WU, Yansong FENG, Shixiang FEI, Yifei WANG, Heyuan WU, Xudong YANG. Enrichment factors and play fairway mapping for tight gas in the 5^th member of the Permian Shiqianfeng Formation， Shenmu gas field， Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 739-751.
[2]	Xiaoyu DU, Zhijun JIN, Lianbo ZENG, Guoping LIU, Sen YANG, Xinping LIANG, Guoqing LU. Evaluation of natural fracture effectiveness in deep lacustrine shale oil reservoirs based on formation microresistivity imaging logs [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 852-865.
[3]	Chenglin LIU, Zhengang DING, Liyong FAN, Rui KANG, Sijie HONG, Yuxin ZHU, Jianfa CHEN, Haidong WANG, Nuo XU. Geochemical characteristics and enrichment factors of helium-bearing natural gas in the Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 384-392.
[4]	Junyu WAN, Jianhui ZHU, Suping YAO, Yi ZHANG, Chuntang LI, Wei ZHANG, Haijian JIANG, Jie WANG. Geobiological evaluation of hydrocarbon-generating organisms and source rocks in the Ordovician Majiagou Formation， east-central Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 393-405.
[5]	Lianbo ZENG, Lei GONG, Xiaocen SU, Zhe MAO. Natural fractures in deep to ultra-deep tight reservoirs： Distribution and development [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 1-14.
[6]	LiHua YANG, ChiYang LIU, Lei HUANG, Yijun ZHOU, Yongtao LIU, Yang QIN. Discovery of suspected intrusive rock bodies in Gufengzhuang area， Ordos Basin and its geological significance [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 142-156.
[7]	Liang SHI, Bojiang FAN, Zhonghou LI, Ziwei YU, Zijin LIN, Xinyang DAI. Migration differentiation of hydrocarbon components in the 7^th member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation， central Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 157-168.
[8]	Jiangjun CAO, Jiping WANG, Daofeng ZHANG, Long WANG, Xiaotian LI, Ya LI, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Hui XIA, Zhanhai YU. Effects of diagenetic evolution on gas-bearing properties of deep tight sandstone reservoirs： A case study of reservoirs in the 1^st member of the Permian Shanxi Formation in the Qingyang gas field， southwestern Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 169-184.
[9]	Guangfu WANG, Fengxia LI, Haibo WANG, Tong ZHOU, Yaxiong ZHANG, Ruyue WANG, Ning LI, Yuxin CHEN, Xiaofei XIONG. Difficulties and countermeasures for fracturing of various shale gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6): 1378-1392.
[10]	Zongquan HU, Ruyue WANG, Jing LU, Dongjun FENG, Yuejiao LIU, Baojian SHEN, Zhongbao LIU, Guanping WANG, Jianhua HE. Storage characteristic comparison of pores between lacustrine shales and their interbeds and differential evolutionary patterns [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6): 1393-1404.
[11]	Chenglin LIU, Zhengang DING, Jianfa CHEN, Liyong FAN, Rui KANG, Haidong WANG, Sijie HONG, Anqi TIAN, Xueyong CHEN. Characteristics and helium-generating potential of helium source rocks in the Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6): 1546-1554.
[12]	Yong LI, Zhitong ZHU, Peng WU, Chenzhou SHEN, Jixian GAO. Pressure evolution of gas-bearing systems in the Upper Paleozoic tight reservoirs at the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6): 1568-1581.
[13]	Jianhui ZENG, Yaxiong ZHANG, Zaizhen ZHANG, Juncheng QIAO, Maoyun WANG, Dongxia CHEN, Jingli YAO, Jingchen DING, Liang XIONG, Yazhou LIU, Weibo ZHAO, Kebo REN. Complex gas-water contacts in tight sandstone gas reservoirs： Distribution pattern and dominant factors controlling their formation and distribution [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(5): 1067-1083.
[14]	Junliang LI, Xin WANG, Weiqing WANG, Bo LI, Jianhui ZENG, Kunkun JIA, Juncheng QIAO, Kangting WANG. Influence of sand-mud assemblages in tight sandstones on reservoir storage spaces： A case study of the lower submember of the 3^rd member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in the Linnan sub-sag， Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(5): 1173-1187.
[15]	Yueli LIANG, Xiaoming ZHAO, Xi ZHANG, Shuxin LI, Jiawang GE, Zhihong NIE, Tingshan ZHANG, Haihua ZHU. Orbital forced high-resolution sequence boundary identification of marine-continental transitional shale and its geological significance： A case in Shan 2³ sub-member at the eastern margin of Ordos Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(5): 1231-1242.