中国陆相湖盆细粒沉积岩岩石学特征及成岩演化表征——以四川盆地元坝地区下侏罗统大安寨段为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20210218

Abstract

Abstract:

Core observation, thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis were used to finely describe the petrological characteristics and diagenesis of fine-grained sedimentary rocks as well as to discuss rock types with hydrocarbon potential and their genesis in the Lower Jurassic Da'anzhai Member of Yuanba area in the Sichuan Basin.The results show that there are three types of rocks, namely mudstone (mudstone, conchoidal shale and calcareous mudstone), siltstone and limestone (conchoidal limestone).The main mineral components are quartz, clay minerals (dominated by illite/smectitem (I/S) mixed layer, illite, kaolinite and chlorite), calcite, feldspar and pyrite; the rock assemblages are mainly conchoidal shale and mudstone interbedded with conchoidal limestone.The fine-grained rocks, currently at the B sub-stage of the mesodiagenesis, experienced compaction, cementation, dissolution, metasomasis, recrystallization of clay minerals and hydrocarbon generation from organic matters, of which, compaction and cementation were the major factors controlling the physical properties of shale and limestone.It also shows that, controlled by sedimentation and diagenesis, the organic-rich shale and the conchoidal shale are two most promising rock types for hydrocarbon reservoirs.Also as a result of diagenesis processes, the conventional reservoirs of conchoidal limestone and limestone are too tight to hold any oil or gas, but the fine-grained sedimentary rock and conchoidal shale of less tight are wonderful unconventional shale gas reservoirs.This assumption was verified in field tests during which large volume of gas flew out of conchoidal shale, but none from the adjacent conchoidal limestone.The result also suggests that rocks with well-developed laminae and micro-laminae (observed under microscope) or with siliceous and calcareous compositions of directional arrangement are potentially high-quality reservoir rocks.

Key words: diagenetic evolution, petrologic feature, fine-grained sedimentary rock, Da'anzhai Member, Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Yixiu Zhu, Zhenkui Jin, Ke Jin, Qiheng Guo, Huan Wang, Pin Lyu, Xinyao Wang, Yuan Shi. Petrologic features and diagenetic evolution of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in continental lacustrine basins: A case study on the Lower Jurassic Da'anzhai Member of Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(2): 494-508.

Figures/Tables 14

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井号	测试情况气/10⁴(m³)	沉积相
YB11	14.44	半深湖
YB102	8.48	半深湖
YB5	14.08	半深湖
YB21	50.70	半深湖
YB101	13.97	半深湖
YB161	1.58	半深湖

样品数/个	划分标志	分布范围	平均值	最高成岩阶段
10	R_o/%	1.44~1.83	1.67	中成岩阶段B期
25	T_max/℃	371~501	468	中成岩阶段B期
35	粘土矿物组合	伊蒙混层+伊利石+绿泥石+高岭石	—	中成岩阶段B期
35	蒙皂石含量比/%	4.00~30.00	15.53	中成岩阶段B期
50	孔隙类型	晶间孔、溶蚀孔、有机孔和微裂缝为主	—	中成岩阶段B期

岩石类型	平均孔隙度/%	平均渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	平均TOC/%
泥岩	3.63	>1.83	1.32
介壳页岩	3.63	>1.83	1.15
介壳灰岩	1.78	0.06	0.20
泥质粉砂岩	1.78	0.06	0.26

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Petrologic features and diagenetic evolution of fine-grained sedimentary rocks in continental lacustrine basins: A case study on the Lower Jurassic Da'anzhai Member of Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin

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编号	石英+长石/%	粘土矿物/%	碳酸盐/%	编号	石英+长石/%	粘土矿物/%	碳酸盐/%
YL4-1	40	60	0	YL4-24	40	50	10
YL4-2	10	50	40	YB10-1	30	70	0
YL4-3	10^*	90	10	YB10-2	30^*	100	0
YL4-5	30	55	15	YB10-3	15	70	15
YL4-6	40	50	10	YB10-4	28^*	98	2
YL4-7	30^*	95	5	YB16-1	30	60	10
YL4-8	5	10	85	YB16-2	25	70	5
YL4-9	10	15	75	YB16-3	75	25	0
YL4-10	10^*	80	20	YB21-1	30	70	0
YL4-11	2^*	10	90	YB21-2	30	70	0
YL4-12	20	20	60	YB102-1	30	50	20
YL4-13	20	30	50	YB104-1	35	64	1
YL4-14	50	45	5	YB104-2	40	57	3
YL4-15	35	60	5	YB122-1	30	68	2
YL4-16	50	48	2	YB122-2	30	68	2
YL4-17	50	45	5	YB273-1	2	3	95
YL4-18	40	50	10	YB273-2	5	5	90
YL4-19	30	55	15	YB273-3	30	68	2
YL4-20	30	35	35	YL30-1	20^*	100	0
YL4-21	20	20	60	YL30-2	15	80	0
YL4-22	20^*	80	20	YL30-3	25	70	5
YL4-23	35	50	15	YL30-4	25	60	15