渤海湾盆地深层砂砾岩储层孔-缝成因机制及演化特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20230314

Abstract

Abstract:

Mapping of quality reservoirs is critical to the successful exploration and discovery of deep- to ultra-deep clastic oil and gas reservoirs. This paper studies the genesis and evolution of storage space in high-quality and deep sandy conglomerate reservoirs in the Paleogene Kongdian Formation， Bozhong 19-6 structure， and establishes pore-fracture evolution models through physical simulation experiments and other means. The results show that：（1） pores formed by dissolution of feldspar particles are usually high-quality reservoir space. The dissolution of potassium feldspar intensifies or even exceeds that of plagioclase with rising temperature， indicating that potassium feldspar has greater potential for increasing porosity of deep layers. （2） Gravel-sized particles， felsic composition and low matrix content are more conducive to the generation of induced fractures， which are more highly developed in feldspar than in quartz. Vertically， induce fractures of the first stage appear at a burial depth of about 2 500 m， that of the second stage appear at a depth larger than 3 000 m with their number peaking at about 4000 m deep， and that of the third stage appear at a depth greater than 4 500 m with their amount increasing with the increasing depth. （3） Vertically， porosity is damaged by early compaction and late cementation but improved by dissolution occurring in between： the early compaction reduced the porosity by 17.38 % and the late ankerite cementation reduced the porosity by 7.76 %， while organic acid dissolution between the two processes increased the porosity by 5.45 %. （4） Hydrocarbon charging is well timed relative to the second-stage dissolution with porosity enhancement， and the first- and second-stage induced fracture development， thus， hydrocarbons enrich in reservoirs at about 3 000 m deep. In addition， high-quality reservoirs may occur in the deep sandy conglomerate at 4 000 m deep， where the mass development of induced fractures， together with the dissolution such as potassium feldspar， greatly enhance reservoir quality.

Key words: feldspar dissolution, induced fracture, evolution of pore-fracture, sandy conglomerate, deep strata, Bozhong 19-6 structure, Bohai Bay Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Xintao ZHANG, Xiyu QU, Peng XU, Qingbin WANG, Xiaojian LIU, Tao YE. Genesis and evolution of pore-fractures in deep sandy conglomerate reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin： Taking the Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Bozhong 19-6 structure as an example[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(3): 707-719.

Figures/Tables 12

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孔隙类型		相对含量/%	成因及主要特征
孔隙型	原生孔	4.10	花岗质原岩经过长期的风化淋滤，物理风化后破碎为花岗质碎块原地堆积，形成颗粒支撑格架而出现粒间原生孔
	粒内溶孔	48.83	碱性长石及部分火成岩岩屑，在大气淡水淋滤及酸性流体的作用下通过溶解作用被溶蚀形成溶孔
	粒间溶孔	33.94	风化破裂后无明显颗粒骨架及钙质等胶结物被溶蚀形成粒间溶孔
裂缝型	构造缝	4.61	构造运动过程中，应力集中而产生的裂缝，具有开启宽度大、延伸远、方向性强的特点，裂缝间相互切割或平行
裂缝型	成岩压实破裂缝	8.53	砾石压裂形成与砾石边缘高角度相交的成岩压实缝，具有开启程度差、数量多、多被泥质充填的特点；沿长石等脆性矿物解理发育，后期多被溶蚀扩大，含油性好

孔隙度演化阶段	白云石-铁白云石胶结成岩相^①		高岭石-铁白云石胶结成岩相^②		酸性溶蚀成岩相^③
孔隙度演化阶段	孔隙度变化量/%	孔隙度/%	孔隙度变化量/%	孔隙度/%	孔隙度变化量/%	孔隙度/%
初始孔隙度	—	34.43	—	40.49	—	33.22
早期压实减孔	-18.77	15.66	-16.88	23.61	-16.48	16.74
第一期溶蚀增孔	1.80	17.46	—	—	2.35	19.09
白云石胶结减孔	-4.16	13.31	—	—	-4.82	14.27
高岭石胶结减孔	—	—	-12.01	11.60	—	—
硅质胶结减孔	—	—	—	—	-1.88	12.39
第二期溶蚀增孔	4.79	18.10	3.60	15.20	5.97	18.36
铁白云石胶结减孔	-8.31	9.78	-8.23	6.97	-4.71	13.62
伊利石胶结减孔	-1.39	8.40	—	—	—	—
晚期压实减孔	-4.20	4.20	-3.77	3.20	-3.73	9.92
现今孔隙度	—	4.20	—	3.20	—	9.92

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Genesis and evolution of pore-fractures in deep sandy conglomerate reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin： Taking the Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Bozhong 19-6 structure as an example

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