准噶尔盆地西北缘百口泉地区三叠系冲积沉积体系与油气成藏

doi:10.11743/ogg20200608

Abstract

Abstract:

Alluvial depositional systems, known for their hydrocarbon potential, are mostly developed in basin-range coupling zones.Studying the features of the systems is of great theoretical and practical significance to revealing the coupling relationship between basins and mountains as well as their influence upon hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on high-resolution seismic data, logging and drilling data and core analyses, we studied the Triassic alluvial depositional system in the Baikouquan area of northwestern Junggar Basin and constructed sequence stratigraphic framework to illustrate its facies, distribution and controlling factors.The hydrocarbon accumulation patterns under the control of the system and framework is thereby explored.The research shows that (1) The Triassic in the Baikouquan area is a complete set of second-order sequence, which, according to sedimentary characteristics, can be subdivided into three third-order sequences:the lower third-order sequence (TSQ1) dominated by lowstand system tract in the Baikouquan and Lower Karamay Formations (except for S6 sandbodies); the middle third-order sequence (TSQ2) dominated by lowstand and highstand system tracts in the S6 sandbodies and Upper Karamay Formation; the upper third-order sequence (TSQ3) dominated by transgressive and highstand system tracts in the Baijiantan Formation.(2) Alluvial fan and fan delta are the main sedimentary facies associated with the braided river delta and lacustrine facies.TSQ1, developed in low lake level stage, contains extensive superimposed transgressive alluvial fans.TSQ2 developed with rising lake level contains fan deltas.TSQ3 contains shore to semi-deep lacustrine facies formed during an early stage when lake level rose rapidly to the maximum and braided river delta facies formed during a later stage when lake level dropped.(3) The sequence and sedimentary characteristics of the Triassic system are in good coupling relationship with hydrocarbon accumulation patterns.Massive near-provenance sandy conglomerates of alluvial fan facies are developed in TSQ1 and, with the convenience of migrating along and being favorably blocked (at a later stage) by nearby faults close to source rocks, they turned readily into high-quality tectonic-lithologic reservoirs.TSQ2 and TSQ3 develop large-scale fan delta and braided river delta facies with distributary channels containing high-quality reservoirs and slopes that are far from faults close to source rocks but favorably sealed by differential depositional environment to develop large scale lithologic reservoirs.

Key words: sedimentary characteristics, accumulation pattern, alluvial depositional system, sequence stratigraphy, Baikouquan area, Triassic, Junggar Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.1

Guosheng Qin, Cunyou Zou, Lingbin Lai, Liang Zhao, Haibin Su. Alluvial depositional system and its controlling effect on hydrocarbon accumulation of the Triassic in the Baikouquan area, northwestern Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(6): 1197-1211.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Table 1

Main facies types and characteristics of the Triassic in the Baikouquan area, Junggar Basin"

相	亚相	微相	岩性	构造	厚度/m	韵律特征	电性特征
冲积扇	扇根	主槽、槽滩、片流、漫洪、扇间滩地	灰色-浅灰绿色厚层-块状砂砾岩为主，夹中-薄层灰褐色细砾岩及泥岩	块状层理为主	>10	无	假“反旋回”，箱形
	扇中	辫流河道、辫流砂坝、漫流砂体、漫流细粒	灰褐色中-薄层细砾岩、含砾粗砂岩，可见薄层细砂岩，棕红色泥岩较发育	状层理为主，可见交错层理	3~8	正韵律	箱形，钟形
	扇缘	径流水道、漫溢细粒	灰褐色薄-中层砂砾岩、细砾岩，厚层棕红色泥岩，可见中-薄层中-细砂岩	交错层理、平行层理	2~5	正韵律	钟形
扇三角洲	扇三角洲平原	碎屑流、分流河道、河道间	浅灰色块状砂砾岩、含砾砂岩与棕色薄层泥岩不等厚互层	块状层理、水平层理	3~10	不甚明显的正韵律	箱形，钟形
	扇三角洲前缘	水下分流河道、河口坝、河道间	灰色中-薄层含砾粗砂岩、粗砂岩与灰色泥岩互层	交错层理、平行层理	2~5	正韵律	钟形
	前扇三角洲	泥岩	灰色-深灰色泥岩	—	>2	无	平直近基线
辫状河三角洲	辫状河三角洲平原	辫状河道、心滩坝、泛滥平原	浅灰色中-粗砂岩、细砂岩与灰色泥岩互层	交错层理、侧积层理	2~5	正韵律	钟形为主
	辫状河三角洲前缘	水下分流河道、河口坝、河道间	灰色中-细砂岩，深灰色泥岩	交错层理、平行层理	2~5	正韵律，偶见反韵律	钟形，偶见漏斗形
	前辫状河三角洲	泥岩	灰色泥岩	—	>2	无	平直近基线
湖泊	滨湖-浅湖	砂坝、泥岩	深灰色泥岩，局部夹薄层泥质粉砂岩	水平层理	>10	无	平直近基线
湖泊	半深湖-深湖	深湖泥岩	深灰色泥岩	—	>50	无	平直近基线

Table 1

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

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Alluvial depositional system and its controlling effect on hydrocarbon accumulation of the Triassic in the Baikouquan area, northwestern Junggar Basin

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