柴达木盆地柴西坳陷古近系-新近系石油地质特征与油气环带状分布模式

doi:10.11743/ogg20240408

Abstract

Abstract:

The western Qaidam Depression features rich Paleogene-Neogene petroleum systems， with conventional and shale oil accounting for 82.4 % and 100 % of the counterparts of the whole basin， respectively. Based on the investigated sedimentary reservoirs and petroleum geology， we analyze the sedimentary facies and hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics of the Paleogene-Neogene in the western Qaidam Depression and propose a ring-shaped hydrocarbon distribution pattern therein. The results reveal that the Paleogene-Neogene sedimentary facies zones in the depression present a ring-shaped distribution pattern comprising outer， middle， and inner rings. The outer ring， featuring deltaic and beach-bar facies， is dominated by clastic sediment， with the presence of small quantities of carbonate sediment. This ring contains conglomerate， coarse-grained conglomeratic sandstone and medium-grained sandstone reservoirs. The middle ring is dominated by the limy dolomite flat and limy muddy flat microfacies of the shore-shallow lacustrine subfacies， including fine-grained sandstones， siltstones， limy dolomites， and algal limestones. Of these， algal limestones serve as the most distinctive lithofacies with the highest porosity observed in the middle ring. The inner ring is composed of fine-grained diamictites of the semi-deep to deep lacustrine facies， encompassing deep- and dark-gray fine-grained sedimentary rocks. This establishes the middle ring as the key area to source rock development in the Paleogene-Neogene system. Reservoir types differ across the different sedimentary facies rings. In the outer ring， which is distant from hydrocarbon kitchens， hydrocarbons， transported via faults， accumulate in clastics such as conglomerates and coarse-grained sandstones， resulting in structural hydrocarbon reservoirs. The middle ring， immediately adjacent to the major hydrocarbon kitchens， has hydrocarbons migrating through faults and accumulating in carbonate reservoirs like algal limestones， resulting in the structural-lithological hydrocarbon reservoirs. The inner ring sitting on major source rock sequence has hydrocarbons either undergo short-distance migration or reside in situ in fine-grained diamictites， forming shale oil reservoirs. The western Qaidam Depression exhibits overlapped structural-lithological hydrocarbon reservoirs and shale oil reservoirs vertically from external to intra source rocks， and manifests a ring-shaped distribution of structural hydrocarbon， structural-lithological hydrocarbon， and shale oil reservoirs in a plan view.

Key words: ordered hydrocarbon accumulation, ring-shaped distribution, total petroleum system, Yingxiongling shale oil, western Qaidam Depression, Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Guoyong LIU, Jianqin XUE, Songtao WU, Kunyu WU, Boce ZHANG, Haoting XING, Na ZHANG, Peng PANG, Chao ZHU. Petroleum geology and ring-shaped distribution of the Paleogene-Neogene hydrocarbon resources in western Qaidam Depression，Qaidam Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(4): 1007-1017.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig. 9

Table 1

References 31

1	金之钧，张一伟，王捷，等. 油气成藏机理与分布规律［M］. 北京：石油工业出版社， 2003.
	JIN Zhijun， ZHANG Yiwei， WANG Jie， et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation mechanisms and oil/gas distribution［M］. Beijing： Petroleum Industry Press， 2003.
2	邱中建，邓松涛. 中国油气勘探的新思维［J］. 石油学报， 2012， 33（）： 1-5.
	QIU Zhongjian， DENG Songtao. New thinking of oil-gas exploration in China［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica， 2012， 33（S1）： 1-5.
3	邓运华，孙涛. 试论优质烃源岩与大油田的共生关系［J］. 中国海上油气， 2019， 31（5）： 1-8.
	DENG Yunhua， SUN Tao. Discussion on the symbiotic relationship between high quality source rocks and large oilfields［J］. China Offshore Oil and Gas， 2019， 31（5）： 1-8.
4	赵文智，张斌，王晓梅，等. 陆相源内与源外油气成藏的烃源灶差异［J］. 石油勘探与开发， 2021， 48（3）： 464-475.
	ZHAO Wenzhi， ZHANG Bin， WANG Xiaomei， et al. Differences in source kitchens for lacustrine in-source and out-of-source hydrocarbon accumulations［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2021， 48（3）： 464-475.
5	侯读杰，吴克强，尤丽，等. 琼东南盆地陆源海相烃源岩有机质富集机理［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2024， 45（1）： 31-43.
	HOU Dujie， WU Keqiang， YOU Li， et al. Organic matter enrichment mechanisms of terrigenous marine source rocks in the Qiongdongnan Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2024， 45（1）： 31-43.
6	方志雄，肖秋生，张殿伟，等. 苏北盆地陆相 “断块型” 页岩油地质特征及勘探实践［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2023， 44（6）： 1468-1478.
	FANG Zhixiong， XIAO Qiusheng， ZHANG Dianwei， et al. Geological characteristics and exploration of continental fault-block shale oil reservoirs in the Subei Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2023， 44（6）： 1468-1478.
7	杨桂林，任战利，何发岐，等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘镇泾地区断缝体发育特征及油气富集规律［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2022， 43（6）： 1382-1396.
	YANG Guilin， REN Zhanli， HE Faqi， et al. Fault-fracture body growth and hydrocarbon enrichment of the Zhenjing area， the southwestern margin of the Ordos Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2022， 43（6）： 1382-1396.
8	付锁堂，马达德，郭召杰，等. 柴达木走滑叠合盆地及其控油气作用［J］. 石油勘探与开发， 2015， 42（6）： 712-722.
	FU Suotang， MA Dade， GUO Zhaojie， et al. Strike-slip superimposed Qaidam Basin and its control on oil and gas accumulation， NW China［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2015， 42（6）： 712-722.
9	张道伟，薛建勤，伍坤宇，等. 柴达木盆地英西地区页岩油储层特征及有利区优选［J］. 岩性油气藏， 2020， 32（4）： 1-11.
	ZHANG Daowei， XUE Jianqin， WU Kunyu， et al. Shale oil reservoir characteristics and favorable area optimization in Yingxi area， Qaidam Basin［J］. Lithologic Reservoirs， 2020， 32（4）： 1-11.
10	张道伟，马达德，陈琰，等. 柴达木盆地油气地质研究新进展及勘探成果［J］. 新疆石油地质， 2019， 40（5）： 505-512.
	ZHANG Daowei， MA Dade， CHEN Yan， et al. Research progress on oil and gas geology and exploration practice in Qaidam Basin［J］. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology， 2019， 40（5）： 505-512.
11	李国欣，张斌，伍坤宇，等. 柴达木盆地咸化湖盆低有机质丰度烃源岩高效生烃模式［J］. 石油勘探与开发， 2023， 50（5）： 898-910.
	LI Guoxin， ZHANG Bin， WU Kunyu， et al. Low organic matter abundance and highly efficient hydrocarbon generation of saline source rock in the Qaidam Basin， NW China［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2023， 50（5）： 898-910.
12	张永庶，伍坤宇，姜营海，等. 柴达木盆地英西深层碳酸盐岩油气藏地质特征［J］. 天然气地球科学， 2018， 29（3）： 358-369.
	ZHANG Yongshu， WU Kunyu， JIANG Yinghai， et al. Geological characteristics of deep carbonate hydrocarbon-bearing pool in the western Yingxiongling area in Qaidam Basin［J］. Natural Gas Geoscience， 2018， 29（3）： 358-369.
13	伍坤宇，廖春，李翔，等. 柴达木盆地英雄岭构造带油气藏地质特征［J］. 现代地质， 2020， 34（2）： 378-389.
	WU Kunyu， LIAO Chun， LI Xiang， et al. Geological characteristics of hydrocarbon pool in Yingxiongling structural zone， Qaidam Basin［J］. Geoscience， 2020， 34（2）： 378-389.
14	金之钧，张明利，汤良杰，等. 柴达木中新生代盆地演化及其控油气作用［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2004， 25（6）： 603-608.
	JIN Zhijun， ZHANG Mingli， TANG Liangjie， et al. Evolution of Meso-Cenozoic Qaidam Basin and its control on oil and gas［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2004， 25（6）： 603-608.
15	付锁堂，马达德，陈琰，等. 柴达木盆地油气勘探新进展［J］. 石油学报， 2016， 37（）： 1-10.
	FU Suotang， MA Dade， CHEN Yan， et al. New advance of petroleum and gas exploration in Qaidam Basin［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica， 2016， 37（S1）： 1-10.
16	黄立功. 柴达木盆地昆前—茫崖坳陷构造样式与数值模拟研究［D］. 广州：中国科学院研究生院（广州地球化学研究所）， 2005.
	HUANG Ligong. Study on the structure styles and numerical modeling of Kunqian-Mangya Depression in the Qaidam Basin［D］. Guangzhou： Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry， Chinese Academy of Sciences， 2005.
17	宋世骏. 柴达木盆地新生代咸化湖盆细粒岩差异性发育机理及其地质意义［D］. 西安：西北大学， 2022.
	SONG Shijun. Different developing mechanism of fine-grained sediments in Cenozoic saline lakes in the Qaidam Basin and its geological implications［D］. Xi’an： Northwest University， 2022.
18	朱超，刘占国，王波，等. 柴达木盆地腹部中央古隆起的形成演化及油气勘探意义［J］. 海相油气地质， 2023， 28（3）： 269-279.
	ZHU Chao， LIU Zhanguo， WANG Bo， et al. Formation and evolution of the central paleouplift and its significance for oil-gas exploration in Qaidam Basin［J］. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology， 2023， 28（3）： 269-279.
19	郭泽清，龙国徽，周飞，等. 咸化湖盆页岩油地质特征及资源潜力评价方法——以柴西坳陷下干柴沟组上段为例［J］. 地质学报， 2023， 97（7）： 2425-2444.
	GUO Zeqing， LONG Guohui， ZHOU Fei， et al. Geological characteristics and resource evaluation method for shale oil in a salinized lake basin： A case study from the upper member of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation in western Qaidam Depression［J］. Acta Geologica Sinica， 2023， 97（7）： 2425-2444.
20	吴婵，阎存凤，李海兵，等. 柴达木盆地西部新生代构造演化及其对青藏高原北部生长过程的制约［J］. 岩石学报， 2013， 29（6）： 2211-2222.
	WU Chan， YAN Cunfeng， LI Haibing， et al. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the western Qaidam Basin and its constrain on the growth of the northern Tibetan Plateau［J］. Acta Petrologica Sinica， 2013， 29（6）： 2211-2222.
21	潘家伟，李海兵，孙知明，等. 阿尔金断裂带新生代活动在柴达木盆地中的响应［J］. 岩石学报， 2015， 31（12）： 3701-3712.
	PAN Jiawei， LI Haibing， SUN Zhiming， et al. Tectonic responses in the Qaidam Basin induced by Cenozoic activities of the Altyn Tagh fault［J］. Acta Petrologica Sinica， 2015， 31（12）： 3701-3712.
22	苏爱国，陈志勇，梁狄刚，等. 青藏高原油气形成［M］. 北京：地质出版社， 2006：
	SU Aiguo， CHEN Zhiyong， LIANG Digang， et al. Oil-gas formation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau［M］. Beijing： Geological Publishing House， 2006.
23	楼谦谦，肖安成，钟南翀，等. 大型陆相坳陷型沉积盆地原型恢复方法——以新生代柴达木盆地为例［J］. 岩石学报， 2016， 32（3）： 892-902.
	LOU Qianqian， XIAO Ancheng， ZHONG Nanchong， et al. A method of prototype restoration of large depressions with terrestrial sediments： A case study from the Cenozoic Qaidam Basin［J］. Acta Petrologica Sinica， 2016， 32（3）： 892-902.
24	郭泽清，马寅生，易士威，等. 柴西地区古近系-新近系含气系统模拟及勘探方向［J］. 天然气地球科学， 2017， 28（1）： 82-92.
	GUO Zeqing， MA Yinsheng， YI Shiwei， et al. Simulation and exploration direction of Paleogene-Neogene gas system in the western Qaidam Basin［J］. Natural Gas Geoscience， 2017， 28（1）： 82-92.
25	徐凤银，尹成明，巩庆林，等. 柴达木盆地中、新生代构造演化及其对油气的控制［J］. 中国石油勘探， 2006， 11（6）： 9-16， 37.
	XU Fengyin， YIN Chengming， GONG Qinglin， et al. Mesozoic-Cenozoic structural evolution in Qaidam Basin and its control over oil and gas［J］. China Petroleum Exploration， 2006， 11（6）： 9-16， 37.
26	汤良杰，金之钧，张明利，等. 柴达木盆地构造古地理分析［J］. 地学前缘， 2000， 7（4）： 421-429.
	TANG Liangjie， JIN Zhijun， ZHANG Mingli， et al. An analysis on tectono-paleogeography of the Qaidam Basin， NW China［J］. Earth Science Frontiers， 2000， 7（4）： 421-429.
27	谢丽，李军，马建海. 成像测井技术在柴达木盆地藻灰岩储层评价中的应用［J］. 中国石油勘探， 2006， 11（6）： 71-76.
	XIE Li， LI Jun， MA Jianhai. Application of FMI imagine technique in evaluating algae limestone reservoir in Qaidam Basin［J］. China Petroleum Exploration， 2006， 11（6）： 71-76.
28	熊鹰，伍坤宇，谭秀成，等. 湖平面升降对混积咸化湖盆碳酸盐岩储集层的控制：以柴达木盆地英西地区古近系下干柴沟组上段为例［J］. 古地理学报， 2018， 20（5）： 855-868.
	XIONG Ying， WU Kunyu， TAN Xiucheng， et al. Influence of lake-level fluctuation on the mixed saline lacustrine carbonate reservoir： A case study from the Upper Member of Paleogene Lower Ganchaigou Formation in the Yingxi area of Qaidam Basin［J］. Journal of Palaeogeography， 2018， 20（5）： 855-868.
29	乔艳萍，谭秀成，刘耘，等. 咸化湖盆高频湖平面升降特征及地质意义——以柴达木盆地英西地区下干柴沟组上段为例［J］. 沉积学报， 2020， 38（6）： 1152-1165.
	QIAO Yanping， TAN Xiucheng， LIU Yun， et al. Characteristics of high-frequency lake-level fluctuations in the saline lacustrine basin and its geological significance： A case study from the upper member of the Paleogene Lower Ganchaigou Formation in the Yingxi area， Qaidam Basin［J］. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica， 2020， 38（6）： 1152-1165.
30	张勤学，杨乾政，张霞，等. 大风山风西构造下油砂山组藻灰岩储层分析［J］. 新疆地质， 2014， 32（4）： 505-508.
	ZHANG Qinxue， YANG Qianzheng， ZHANG Xia， et al. The reservoir characteristic of Xiayoushashan formation in the Fengxi structure of Dafeng mountain［J］. Xinjiang Geology， 2014， 32（4）： 505-508.
31	李国欣，朱如凯，张永庶，等. 柴达木盆地英雄岭页岩油地质特征、评价标准及发现意义［J］. 石油勘探与开发， 2022， 49（1）： 18-31.
	LI Guoxin， ZHU Rukai， ZHANG Yongshu， et al. Geological characteristics， evaluation criteria and discovery significance of Paleogene Yingxiongling shale oil in Qaidam Basin， NW China［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2022， 49（1）： 18-31.

环带	油藏类型	储层类型	重点区带	地质资源量/（10⁸t）	勘探方向
外环带	岩性-构造油气藏	砾岩含砾粗砂岩、中-粗砂岩、细砂岩	尕斯构造—英雄岭构造带东缘新近系滩坝、扎哈泉凹陷—乌南—切克里克构造带古近系-新近系滩坝	6.3	阿尔金山前西段
中环带	岩性油气藏	礁灰岩、灰云岩	红东—跃进构造带古近系斜坡、干北次凹—咸水泉构造带古近系斜坡、红沟子—南翼山构造带新近系斜坡、小梁山凹陷—风西—大风山构造带新近系斜坡	23.3	柴西南斜坡和柴西北大型构造翼部
内环带	致密油藏	致密砂岩、白云岩	扎哈泉凹陷新近系、大风山油田古近系-新近系	8.0	英东深层
内环带	页岩油	纹层状云灰岩、纹层状黏土质页岩、层状灰云岩	英雄岭凹陷、小梁山凹陷与扎哈泉凹陷	21.0	柴深构造带

[1]	Yan CHEN, Yongshu ZHANG, Zhaohui XU, Yinghai JIANG, Chao ZHU, Jing ZHANG, Caiyan ZHANG. Breakthroughs in hydrocarbon exploration in the Ganchaigou area， Qaidam Basin and their implications [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(4): 1018-1031.
[2]	Zhuang RUAN, Rui XU, Jie WANG, Qiuhong CHANG, Dahua WANG, Jiandong WANG, Guangqing ZHOU, Bingsong YU. Micro-pore structure characteristics of the Paleogene sandstone reservoirs and genesis of microscopic tight zones in the Mahaidong area， Qaidam Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(4): 1032-1045.
[3]	Dongming Zhi, Jian Cao, Jingkun Zhang, Menglin Zheng, Zhijun Qin. Characteristics and distribution pattern of late hydrocarbon accumulation in northern Xinjiang， China [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(3): 542-552.
[4]	Yong Tang, Yong Song, Wenjun He, Long Zhao, Changyong Zhao, Menglin Zheng, Haibo Yang, Shuai Sun, Liying Fei. Characteristics of composite hydrocarbon accumulation in a superimposed basin， Junggar Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(1): 132-148.
[5]	Jian Li, Lianbo Zeng, Yu Lin, Guoping Liu, Dongsheng Cao, Zhaosheng Wang. Horizontal fractures of the Cenozoic in western Qaidam Basin and their tectonic implication [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(6): 1222-1232.
[6]	Xiaoqin Jiao, Huapeng Niu, Qingbin Xie, Yongshu Zhang, Junwei Li, Zhixiong Wu, Bo Wang, Xin Li. Characteristics of basement reservoirs and setting for natural gas accumulation in Jianbei slope, Qaidam Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 305-315.
[7]	Tian Jixian, Li Jian, Zeng Xu, Kong Hua, Wang Peng, Sha Wei, Wang Mu, Shi Zhenghao, Song Dekang. Accumulation conditions and favorable plays for deep gas exploration at the northern margin of Qaidam Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(5): 1095-1105.
[8]	Tian Jixian, Li Jian, Zeng Xu, Guo Zeqing, Zhou Fei, Wang Bo, Wang Ke. Geochemical characteristics and petroleum geologic significance of natural gas in the north margin of the Qaidam Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(2): 355-362.
[9]	Tan Xianfeng, Xia Minquan, Zhang Qingxue, Wang Jia, Huang Jianhong, Ran Tian. Sedimentary characteristics of braided river delta of the lower member of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation in southwestern Qaidam Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(3): 332-340.
[10]	Li Jiansen, Li Tingwei, Peng Ximing, Han Yuanhong, Li Zhongping, Ma Haizhou. Hydrogeochemical behaviors of oilfield water in the Tertiary in western Qaidam Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(1): 50-55.
[11]	. Special reservoir formation conditions and their exploration significance of the large saline lacustrine basin of inland plateautaking the western Qadam Basin for example [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2011, 32(4): 577-583，592.
[12]	. Application of sequence biostratigraphy in the Qaidam Basin and its prospects [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31(5): 561-566.
[13]	BAO Jian-Ping, ZHU Cui-Shan-,WANG Li-Qun. G eochem ical characteristic comparison of crude oil samples from the western Qaidam Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31(3): 353-359.
[14]	Wang Xinguo, Wang Pu, He Jiankun, Li Dongan. A study of structure styles between double thrust faults——taking the area between Yuejin-2 and Yuedong thrust faults in the Qaidam Basin as an example [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31(1): 114-118.
[15]	Wei Shuijian, Wang Jingpeng, Guan Zhiqiang, Xu Ziyuan, Jiang Guifeng. Genetic mechanisms and controlling factors of terrestrial biogenetic gas in the Quaternary of the Qaidam Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2009, 30(3): 310-315,323.

Petroleum geology and ring-shaped distribution of the Paleogene-Neogene hydrocarbon resources in western Qaidam Depression，Qaidam Basin

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 31

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics