柴达木盆地西部新生界水平裂缝及其构造意义

doi:10.11743/ogg20200610

Abstract

Abstract:

Fractures in rocks record critical information of crustal tectonic evolution.Outcrop, core and thin section observations show the Cenozoic mudstone of western Qaidam Basin is abundant in open horizontal fractures with rough surface and gypsum fill.These fractures are mainly curve-shaped and occasionally straight in geometry.T-shaped intersections probably formed by the intense interaction between adjacent curved horizontal fractures are observed.The aperture of the fractures mainly ranges from 1 to 10 mm with the maximum value of 30 mm.Both the scale and linear density of the fractures reduce with the decrease of erosional quantity and increase of burial depth.Furthermore, the fractures are restricted in the hinge zone of intensively denuded anticlines.All evidences above indicate that the fractures are linked to the vertical extension induced by residual stress during a rapid uplift and erosion of strata, and probably formed after a tectonic compression as they are observed to incise most early-formed vertical fractures.Given the electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy dating data of gypsum, the generation of horizontal fractures mainly includes two stages:the first stage occurred at about 1.8Ma and the second 0.3Ma.The fractures formed at the second stage are much larger in scale and higher in intensity compared with those at the first stage.The initial driving force for the formation of the fractures calculated based on crack strain indicates that the erosional volume at the second stage is 2-3 times more than that at the first stage.Evidences also reveal that impulse compressional uplift and erosion activities in the western Qaidam Basin occurred during the Quaternary with an ever-growing tendency in intensity, indicating a progressively increasing episodic tectonic activities in the Tibet Plateau since the Quaternary.

Key words: mudstone, extensional fracture, tectonic uplift and erosion, horizontal fracture, Cenozoic, Qaidam Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Jian Li, Lianbo Zeng, Yu Lin, Guoping Liu, Dongsheng Cao, Zhaosheng Wang. Horizontal fractures of the Cenozoic in western Qaidam Basin and their tectonic implication[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(6): 1222-1232.

Figures/Tables 10

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测量剖面	咸水泉剖面破裂应变	南翼山剖面破裂应变
A—A′	0.045 9	0.012 8
B—B′	0.043 7	0.016 1
C—C′	0.030 1	0.015 1
平均值	0.039 9	0.014 7

	咸水泉剖面	南翼山剖面
ε_f^c	0.039 9	0.014 7
ρ_f/(kg·m^-3)	1.425	0.863
E/GPa	5.5	4.8
ν	0.19	0.20
σ_i上限/MPa	244.9	80.9
σ_i下限/MPa	25.4	13.5

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Horizontal fractures of the Cenozoic in western Qaidam Basin and their tectonic implication

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