钻遇大型溶洞的油井参数及储层参数动态评价方法

doi:10.11743/ogg20200320

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏储集体类型多样，大型溶洞、溶孔及多尺度裂缝发育，储集体形态不规则、尺度差异大、连通性差，储层非均质性极强。大型溶洞是主要的储集空间，裂缝主要为渗流通道，油水分布复杂。目前基于地震资料解释的缝洞型储集体静态雕刻方法对油井地质储量评价的误差较大，且该静态方法无法评价其他油井参数和储层参数。利用油井实际生产数据，基于产量不稳定分析方法，提出了一种运用动态数据评价油井动态储量及其他储层参数和油井参数的新方法，即：将大尺度溶洞储集体模型视为大型溶洞与周围小尺度孔洞缝组成的多重介质复合模型，大型溶洞内的流体流动等效为自由流，周围复杂小尺度孔洞缝内流体流动等效为达西渗流，进而建立渗流-自由流耦合数学模型；通过求解获得缝洞体中油井的产量不稳定分析曲线，并进行各参数的敏感性分析。同时，经过规整化处理，构建归一化的Blasingame典型曲线图版，并通过图版的拟合最终建立储集体油井参数和储层参数的评价方法和流程。通过塔里木油田现场实际应用，验证了方法的可靠性和实用性，获得的储集体各项参数可评价油井生产动态及指导油藏下一步的合理开发部署。

关键词: 多重介质, 渗流-自由流耦合, 复合模型, 产量不稳定分析, 动态储量, 缝洞储集体, 塔里木油田

Abstract: The carbonate oil reservoirs of fractures and cavities are diverse in types with large-scale karst caverns,dissolved pores,and internal fractures of various scales.The reservoirs are characterized by extreme irregularity in morphology,large differences in scale,poor connectivity,resulting in extremely strong heterogeneity.Among others,large-scale karst caverns are the main reservoir type;fractures are the major seepage channels;and the contacts between oil and water layers are complicated.Currently,the static sculpturing of fractured-vuggy unit based on seismic interpretation usually results in large inconsistency in assessment of oil in place,and cannot be applied to evaluate other oil and reservoir parameters.To improve the accuracy in assessment,we propose a new method for the assessment of oil in place and other reservoir parameters by dynamic data based on actual production data and dynamic production analysis.In the new method,large-scale karst cavern reservoirs is simplified as a composite model of multi-porosity media with an integration of large-scale karst caverns and surrounding small-scale pores,cavities and cracks.The fluid flow in large-scale karst caverns is regarded as free flow,while that in the surrounding multi-porosity media is equivalent to Darcy flow,and then the corres-ponding mathematical model is built in coupling Darcy flow with free flow.Afterwards,the dynamic production curves and the parameter sensitivity analysis are obtained by solving the mathematical equation.Finally,the cross-plot of normalized Blasingame typical curves is built,and the fitting of the plot with actual production data solves well and reservoir parameters.The field application to the Tarim oilfield verifies the reliability and practicability of the newly-proposed method.And the parameters acquired can be applied to the assessment of dynamic oil production and to guide more reasonable infill well emplacement and recovery enhancement.

Key words: multi-porosity medium, Darcy flow-free flow coupling, composite model, dynamic production analysis, dynamic reserve, fractured-vuggy reservoir, Tarim oilfield

中图分类号:

TE344

于清艳,胡向阳,李勇,等. 钻遇大型溶洞的油井参数及储层参数动态评价方法[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(3): 647-654. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200320 Yu Qingyan,Hu Xiangyang,Li Yong,et al. Dynamic evaluation of well and reservoir parameters on large-scale karst caverns encountered in drilling[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(3): 647-654. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200320

参考文献

[1] 韩大匡.中国油气田开发现状、面临的挑战和技术发展方向[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(5):51-57. Han Dakuang.Status and challenges for oil and gas field development in China and directions for the development of corresponding technologies[J].Engineering Sciences,2010,12(5):51-57.
[2] 张抗.中国油气产区战略接替形势与展望[J].石油勘探与开发,2012,39(5):513-523. Zhang Kang.Strategic replacement situation and outlook of China oil-gas production area[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2012,39(5):513-523.
[3] 赫俊民,王小垚,孙建芳,等. 塔里木盆地塔河地区中-下奥陶统碳酸盐岩储层天然裂缝发育特征及主控因素[J].石油与天然气地质,2019,40(5):1022-1030. Hao Junmin,Wang Xiaoyao,Sun Jianfang,et al.Characteristics and main controlling factors of natural fractures in the Lower-to-Middle Ordovician carbonate reservoirs in Tahe area,Northern Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2019,40(5):1022-1030.
[4] 赵锐,赵腾,李慧莉,等. 塔里木盆地顺北油气田断控缝洞型储层特征与主控因素[J].特种油气藏,2019,26(5):8-13. Zhao Rui,Zhao Teng,Li Huili,et al.Fault-controlled fracture-cavity reservoir characterization and main-controlling factors in the Shunbei hydrocarbon field of Tarim Basin[J].Special oil & Gas Reservoirs,2019,26(5):8-13.
[5] 昝念民,王艳忠,操应长,等.东营凹陷下古生界碳酸盐岩古潜山储层储集空间特征及发育模式[J].石油与天然气地质,2018,39(2):355-365. Zan Nianmin,Wang Yanzhong, Cao Yingchang,et al.Characteristics and development patterns of reservoir space of the Lower Paleozoic buried hills in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2018,39(2):356-365.
[6] 吕心瑞,李红凯,魏荷花,等.碳酸盐岩储层多尺度缝洞体分类表征-以塔河油田S80单元奥陶系油藏为例[J].石油与天然气地质,2017,38(4):813-821. Lv Xinrui,Li Hongkai,Wei Hehua,et al.Classification and characterization method for multi-scale fractured-vuggy reservoir zones in carbonate reservoirs:An example from Ordovician reservoirs in Tahe oilfield S80 unit[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2017,38(4):813-821.
[7] Abdassah D,Ershaghi I.Triple-porosity systems for representing naturally fractured reservoirs[J].SPE (Society of Petroleum Engineers) Formation Evaluation,1986,1(2):1-8.
[8] Gomez S,Camacho R,Vasquez M,et al.Well test characterization of naturally fractured vuggy reservoirs with a global optimization method[J].OTC-24762-MS,2014.
[9] Liu J C,Bodvarsson G S,Wu Y S.Analysis of pressure behavior in fractured lithophysal reservoirs[J].Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,2003(26):189-211.
[10] Ezulike D O,Dehghanpour H.Characterizing tight oil reservoirs using dual- and triple-porosity models[J].SPE 167126,2013.
[11] 杨坚,姚军,王子胜.三重介质复合油藏压力动态特征研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2005,20(4):418-425. Yang Jian,Yao Jun,Wang Zisheng.Study of pressure transient characteristic for triple medium composite reservoirs[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2005,20(4):418-425.
[12] 姚军,戴卫华,王子胜.变井筒储存的三重介质油藏试井解释方法研究[J].石油大学学报,2004,28(1):46-51. Yao Jun,Dai Weihua,Wang Zisheng.Well test interpretation method for triple medium reservoir with variable wellbore storage[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,2004,28(1):46-51.
[13] Al-Ghamdi A,Ershaghi I.Pressure transient analysis of dually fractured reservoirs[J].SPE Journal,1996,1(1):93-100.
[14] Wu Y S,Ehlig-Economides C,Qin G,et al.A triple-continuum pressure-transient model for a naturally fractured vuggy reservoir[J].SPE 110044,2007.
[15] 姚军.缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏试井解释理论与方法[M].北京:石油大学出版社,2007:1-20. Yao Jun.Theory and method of well test interpretation for fracture-vuggy carbonate reservoir[M].Beijing:Petroleum University Press,2007:1-20.
[16] 常学军,姚军,戴卫华,等.裂缝和洞与井筒连通的三重介质油藏试井解释方法研究[J].水动力学研究与进展,2004,19(3):339-346. Chang Xuejun,Yao Jun,Dai Weihua,et al.The study of well test interpretation method for a triple medium reservoir[J].Journal of Hydrodynamics,2004,19(3):339-346.
[17] 朱桂良,孙建芳,刘中春.塔河油田缝洞型油藏气驱动用储量计算方法[J].石油与天然气地质,2019,40(2:436-450. Zhu Guiliang,Sun Jianfang,Liu Zhongchun.An approach to calculate developed reserves in gas drive fractured-vuggy reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2019,40(2:436-450.
[18] 林然,黄炳光,王怒涛,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩储集层中气体流动新研究[J].新疆石油地质,2013,34(4):451-454. Lin Ran,Huang Bingguang,Wang Nutao,et al.A new approach to gas flow in fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2013,34(4):451-454.
[19] 刘学利,彭小龙,杜志敏,等.油水两相流Darcy-Stokes模型[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(6):89-92. Liu Xueli,Peng Xiaolong,Du Zhimin,et al.Oil water two phase flow Darcy-Stokes model[J].Journal of Petroleum University,2007,29(6):89-92.
[20] 林加恩,李亮,杨慧珠.管流与渗流耦合流动理论研究初探[J].西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),2007,22(2):11-15. Lin Jia'en,Li Liang,Yang Huizhu.Primary investigation of the coupling of channel flow with seepage[J].Journal of Xi'an Shiyou University(Natural Science Edition),2007,22(2):11-15.
[21] Urquiza J M,N'dri D,Garon A,et al.Coupling Stokes and Darcy equations[J].Applied Numerical Mathematics,2008,58(5):525-538.
[22] Li Y,Li B Z,Hu Y L,et al.Classification of carbonate gas condensate reservoirs using well test and production data analyses[J].Petroleum Science,2011,29(1):70-78.
[23] 杨磊,凌涛,胥猛生,等.英买2缝洞型碳酸盐岩油藏试井曲线特征分析[J].油气井测试,2012,21(6):15-17. Yang Lei,Ling Tao,Xu Mengsheng,et al.Well test curve analysis of YM2 fracture-cave carbonate reservoir[J].Well Testing,2012,21(6):15-17.
[24] 熊钰,叶海峰,蔡明金,等.大尺度串联双缝洞碳酸盐岩油藏的压力响应分析[J]. 油气藏评价与开发,2018,8(2):22-29. Xiong Yu,Ye Haifeng,Cai Mingjin,et al. Pressure response analysis of large scale series double fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2018,8(2):22-29.
[25] 孙东,潘建国,雍学善,等.碳酸盐岩储层垂向长串珠形成机制[J].石油地球物理勘探,2010,45(1):101-106. Sun Dong,Pan Jianguo,Yong Xueshan,et al.Formation mechanism of vertical "long string beads" in carbonate reservoir[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2010,45(1):101-106.
[26] 杨敏,孙鹏,李占坤.塔河油田碳酸盐岩油藏试井曲线分类及其生产特征分析[J].油气井测试,2004,13(1):119-122. Yang Min,Sun Peng,Li Zhankun.Testing curve's classification for carbonate reservoir in Tahe oilfield and its characteristics analysis[J].Well Testing,2004,13(1):19-21.
[27] 陈志海,戴勇,郎兆新.缝洞性碳酸盐岩油藏储渗模式及其开采特征[J].石油勘探与开发,2005,32(3):101-105. Chen Zhihai,DaiYong,Lang Zhaoxin.Storage-percolation modes and production performance of the karst reservoirs in Tahe oilfield[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2005,32(3):101-105.
[28] 尹洪军,邢翠巧,计秉玉,等.大尺度溶洞发育的缝洞型油藏试井解释模型研究[J].特种油气藏,2018,25(5):84-88. Yin Hongjun,Xing Cuiqiao,Ji Bingyu,et al.Well test interpretation model for fracture-cavity reservoir with well-developed large-scale caves[J].Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs,2018,25(5):84-88.
[29] Blasingame T A,Lee W J,1986.Variable-rate reservoir limits testing.SPE 15028,1986.
[30] Blasingame T A,Lee W J.The variable-rate reservoir limits testing of gas wells.SPE 17708-MS,1988.
[31] Blasingame T A,Johnston J L,Lee W J.Type-curve analysis using the pressure integral method.SPE 18799,1989.
[32] Blasingame T A,McCray T L,Lee W J.Decline curve analysis for variable pressure drop/variable flowrate systems.SPE 21513-MS,1991.